Drug Information
| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Abundace of Studied Microbe(s) Regulated by Drug | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacillales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Paenibacillus
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Paenibacillus was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Alistipes
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Alistipes was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | No significant change | |||
| Experimental Species | Human | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides was not significantly changed by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides caccae
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides caccae was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 1.40E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis nontoxigenic
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis nontoxigenic was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 2.48E-03). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides ovatus
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides ovatus was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 4.28E-03). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides uniformis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides uniformis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 3.10E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bacteroides vulgatus
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 1.97E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Barnesiella
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Barnesiella was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Barnesiella
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Barnesiella was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Odoribacter splanchnicus
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Odoribacter splanchnicus was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Parabacteroides distasonis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.28E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Parabacteroides merdae
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Parabacteroides merdae was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 4.93E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Porphyromonadaceae
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Prevotella
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotella was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 14 (p = 0.004). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Prevotella
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotella was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Prevotella copri
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 3.54E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Bacteroidales
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Bacteroidales was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Porphyromonadaceae
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Porphyromonadaceae was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Prevotellaceae
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Prevotellaceae was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 14 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Prevotellaceae
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Prevotellaceae was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bifidobacteriales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium
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|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacterium was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium adolescentis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium longum
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacterium longum was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Campylobacterales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Helicobacter
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Helicobacter was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 14 (p = 0.009). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Coriobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Collinsella aerofaciens
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 2.73E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eggerthellales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Eggerthella lenta
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eggerthella lenta was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.30E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Escherichia
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|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia was increased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Escherichia
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|
[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | No significant change | |||
| Experimental Species | Human | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia was not significantly changed by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli ED1a
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia coli ED1a was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 8.27E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli IAI1
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia coli IAI1 was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.51E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Escherichia/Shigella sp.
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia/Shigella sp. was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.014). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Erysipelotrichales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 9.36E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Blautia obeum
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Blautia obeum was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 7.50E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Clostridioides difficile
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridioides difficile was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 1.46E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Clostridium
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridium was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.009). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Clostridium
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|
[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Human | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridium was increased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Clostridium perfringens
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridium perfringens was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.51E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Coprococcus comes
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Coprococcus comes was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 8.88E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Dorea formicigenerans
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Dorea formicigenerans was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 2.38E-04). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Eubacterium eligens
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eubacterium eligens was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 7.44E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Eubacterium rectale
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eubacterium rectale was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 3.62E-04). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Lacrimispora saccharolytica
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lacrimispora saccharolytica was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 4.14E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Roseburia hominis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Roseburia hominis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 3.74E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Roseburia intestinalis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Roseburia intestinalis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 1.39E-04). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus bromii
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 9.10E-06). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus gnavus
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 6.75E-05). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus torques
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus torques was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 6.57E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Lachnospiraceae
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Lachnospiraceae was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 14 (p = 0.01). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Lachnospiraceae
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Lachnospiraceae was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: unclassified Oscillospiraceae
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Oscillospiraceae was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Lactobacillales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Enterococcus
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Enterococcus was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.027). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Enterococcus
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|
[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | Human | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Enterococcus was increased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus
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|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus
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|
[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | Human | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus paracasei
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 9.12E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Streptococcus
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Streptococcus was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 14 (p = 0.009). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Streptococcus parasanguinis
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Streptococcus parasanguinis was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.51E-07). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Streptococcus salivarius
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Streptococcus salivarius was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.72E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Mycoplasmatales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Mycoplasma
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Mycoplasma was increased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.02). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Pseudomonadales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Pseudomonas
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[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Increase | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Pseudomonas was increased by Ampicillin. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Veillonellales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Veillonella parvula
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|
[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Veillonella parvula was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Verrucomicrobiales | ||||
|
Studied Microbe: Akkermansia
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.004). | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Akkermansia
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|
[3] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | C57BL/6 mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia was decreased by Ampicillin. | |||
|
Studied Microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila
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[5] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was decreased by Ampicillin trihydrate (adjusted p-values: 1.80E-05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
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Studied Microbe: unclassified Bacteroidetes
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|
[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experimental Species | BALB/c mice | Experimental Sample | Faeces | |
| Disease or Condition | Healthy | |||
| Description | The abundance of unclassified Bacteroidetes was decreased after Ampicillin treatment at day 3 (p = 0.002). | |||
| Target and Pathway | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target(s) | Bacterial Penicillin binding protein (Bact PBP) | Target Info | Binder | [6] |
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 061936. | |||
| REF 2 | Feeding bovine milks with low or high IgA levels is associated with altered re-establishment of murine intestinal microbiota after antibiotic treatment. PeerJ. 2016 Sep 29;4:e2518. | |||
| REF 3 | Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Murine Gut Microbiota and Subsequent Effects on Colonization Resistance against Clostridium difficile. mBio. 2015 Jul 14;6(4):e00974. | |||
| REF 4 | The influence of single dose intravenous antibiotics on faecal flora and emergence of Clostridium difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1985 Mar;15(3):319-26. | |||
| REF 5 | Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature. 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):623-628. | |||
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