Drug Information
| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity | |||
| Description | Chloramphenicol can be metabolized by Escherichia coli, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity. | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
| Studied Microbe: Gut microbiota unspecific | [3], [4] | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Amine formation and hydrolysis of an amide linkage | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | P-aminophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity; Increase side effect | |||
| Description | Chloramphenicol can be metabolized to P-aminophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol by gut microbiota through amine formation and hydrolysis of an amide linkage, which results in the increase of drug's activity and side effect. | |||
| Studied Microbe: Gut microbiota unspecific | [5], [6] | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | Nitroreduction | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | P-aminophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase toxicity (bone marrow toxicity) | |||
| Description | Chloramphenicol can be metabolized to P-aminophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol by gut microbiota through nitroreduction, which results in the increase of the drug's toxicity (bone marrow toxicity). | |||
| The Abundace of Studied Microbe(s) Regulated by Drug | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides caccae
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides caccae was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxigenic
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxigenic was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.87E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis nontoxigenic
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis nontoxigenic was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.99E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides ovatus
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides ovatus was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 9.66E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides uniformis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides uniformis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 7.03E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides vulgatus
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.95E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides xylanisolvens
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides xylanisolvens was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 4.93E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Odoribacter splanchnicus
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Odoribacter splanchnicus was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Parabacteroides distasonis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 2.74E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Parabacteroides merdae
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Parabacteroides merdae was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 4.93E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Prevotella copri
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 3.29E-05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bifidobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium adolescentis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bifidobacterium longum
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bifidobacterium longum was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Coriobacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Collinsella aerofaciens
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 2.73E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eggerthellales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Eggerthella lenta
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eggerthella lenta was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.56E-05). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli ED1a
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia coli ED1a was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 9.88E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli IAI1
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Escherichia coli IAI1 was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 4.93E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Erysipelotrichales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Blautia obeum
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Blautia obeum was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 3.02E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridioides difficile
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridioides difficile was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 3.06E-05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium perfringens
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Clostridium perfringens was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 6.57E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Coprococcus comes
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Coprococcus comes was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Dorea formicigenerans
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Dorea formicigenerans was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.96E-05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Enterocloster bolteae
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Enterocloster bolteae was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.03E-05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Eubacterium eligens
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eubacterium eligens was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 9.91E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Eubacterium rectale
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eubacterium rectale was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.71E-04). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Lacrimispora saccharolytica
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lacrimispora saccharolytica was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 3.02E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Roseburia hominis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Roseburia hominis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.99E-05). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Roseburia intestinalis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Roseburia intestinalis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 1.84E-04). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus bromii
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus gnavus
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Ruminococcus torques
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Ruminococcus torques was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 7.77E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Lactobacillales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Lactobacillus paracasei
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.51E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Streptococcus parasanguinis
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[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Streptococcus parasanguinis was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 8.55E-07). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Streptococcus salivarius
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Streptococcus salivarius was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.51E-07). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Veillonellales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Veillonella parvula
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Veillonella parvula was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.04E-06). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Verrucomicrobiales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila
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|
[7] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was decreased by Chloramphenicol (adjusted p-values: 5.99E-07). | |||
| Target and Pathway | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target(s) | Bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA (Bact 23S rRNA) | Target Info | Binder | [8] |
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Has nature already identified all useful antibacterial targets Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008 Oct;11(5):387-92. | |||
| REF 2 | Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response?. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Aug;106(2):317-328. | |||
| REF 3 | Cometabolism of microbes and host: implications for drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov;94(5):574-81. | |||
| REF 4 | The metabolic effect of gut microbiota on drugs. Drug Metab Rev. 2020 Feb;52(1):139-156. | |||
| REF 5 | Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Transl Res. 2017 Jan;179:204-222. | |||
| REF 6 | Predicting and Understanding the Human Microbiome's Impact on Pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Jul;40(7):495-505. | |||
| REF 7 | Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature. 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):623-628. | |||
| REF 8 | Inhibition of peptide bond formation by pleuromutilins: the structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Deinococcus radiodurans in complex with tiamulin. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Dec;54(5):1287-94. | |||
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