Drug Information
| Interaction between the Drug and Microbe | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Metabolism of Drug Affected by Studied Microbe(s) | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Alistipes indistinctus DSM22520
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Alistipes indistinctus DSM22520 (log2FC = -0.373; p = 0.022). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides coprophilus DSM 18228
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides coprophilus DSM 18228 (log2FC = -0.467; p = 0.025). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides dorei DSM 17855
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides dorei DSM 17855 (log2FC = -0.761; p = 0.014). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides eggerthii DSM20697
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides eggerthii DSM20697 (log2FC = -0.584; p = 0.009). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis HMW 610
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides fragilis HMW 610 (log2FC = -0.559; p = 0.024). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 (log2FC = -0.551; p = 0.034). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis str. 3397 T10
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides fragilis str. 3397 T10 (log2FC = -0.436; p = 0.041). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides fragilis str. 3986 T(B)9
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides fragilis str. 3986 T(B)9 (log2FC = -0.536; p = 0.02). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 (log2FC = -0.439; p = 0.024). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 (log2FC = -0.777; p = 0.002). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482 (log2FC = -0.76; p = 0.024). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM18836
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM18836 (log2FC = -0.442; p = 0.009). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Odoribacter splanchnicus
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Odoribacter splanchnicus (log2FC = -0.651; p = 0.007). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 (log2FC = -0.613; p = 0.004). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Enterobacterales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Escherichia coli BW25113
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Escherichia coli BW25113 (log2FC = -0.594; p = 0.002). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Providencia rettgeri DSM 1131
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Providencia rettgeri DSM 1131 (log2FC = -0.399; p = 0.007). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Erysipelotrichales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Eubacterium biforme DSM 3989
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Eubacterium biforme DSM 3989 (log2FC = -0.478; p = 0.016). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Blautia hansenii DSM20583
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Blautia hansenii DSM20583 (log2FC = -0.761; p = 0.002). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium sp.
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Clostridium sp. (log2FC = -0.731; p = 0.007). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 15579
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[2] | |||
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| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 15579 (log2FC = -0.447; p = 0.047). | |||
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Studied Microbe: Roseburia intestinalis L1-82
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[2] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Experimental Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | Loperamide can be metabolized by Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 (log2FC = -0.492; p = 0.001). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Gut microbiota | ||||
| Studied Microbe: Gut microbiota unspecific | [3] | |||
| Metabolic Reaction | N-oxide reduction | |||
| Resulting Metabolite | Loperamide | |||
| Metabolic Effect | Increase activity | |||
| Description | Loperamide oxide can be metabolized to Loperamide by gut microbiota through N-oxide reduction, which results in the increase of the drug's activity. | |||
| The Abundace of Studied Microbe(s) Regulated by Drug | ||||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Bacteroidales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Bacteroides uniformis
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Bacteroides uniformis was decreased by Loperamide hydrochloride (adjusted p-values: 7.38E-03). | |||
| The Order in the Taxonomic Hierarchy of the following Microbe(s): Eubacteriales | ||||
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Studied Microbe: Eubacterium rectale
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[4] | |||
| Hierarchy | ||||
| Abundance Change | Decrease | |||
| Experiment Method | High-throughput screening | |||
| Description | The abundance of Eubacterium rectale was decreased by Loperamide hydrochloride (adjusted p-values: 2.89E-03). | |||
| Target and Pathway | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target(s) | Opioid receptor delta (OPRD1) | Target Info | Binder | [5] |
| References | Top | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||
| REF 2 | Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes. Nature. 2019 Jun;570(7762):462-467. | |||
| REF 3 | The metabolic effect of gut microbiota on drugs. Drug Metab Rev. 2020 Feb;52(1):139-156. | |||
| REF 4 | Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature. 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):623-628. | |||
| REF 5 | Loperamide: evidence of interaction with mu and delta opioid receptors. Life Sci. 1983;33 Suppl 1:315-8. | |||
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