Target Information
| Target General Information | Top | |||||
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| Target ID |
T16987
(Former ID: TTDR00212)
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| Target Name |
Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA-XII)
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| Synonyms |
Tumor antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3; Carbonic anhydrase 12; Carbonate dehydratase XII
Click to Show/Hide
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| Gene Name |
CA12
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| Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
| Disease | [+] 2 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
| 1 | Bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1A00-1C4Z] | |||||
| 2 | Seborrhoeic dermatitis [ICD-11: EA81] | |||||
| Function |
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Click to Show/Hide
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| BioChemical Class |
Alpha-carbonic anhydrase
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| UniProt ID | ||||||
| EC Number |
EC 4.2.1.1
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| Sequence |
MPRRSLHAAAVLLLVILKEQPSSPAPVNGSKWTYFGPDGENSWSKKYPSCGGLLQSPIDL
HSDILQYDASLTPLEFQGYNLSANKQFLLTNNGHSVKLNLPSDMHIQGLQSRYSATQLHL HWGNPNDPHGSEHTVSGQHFAAELHIVHYNSDLYPDASTASNKSEGLAVLAVLIEMGSFN PSYDKIFSHLQHVKYKGQEAFVPGFNIEELLPERTAEYYRYRGSLTTPPCNPTVLWTVFR NPVQISQEQLLALETALYCTHMDDPSPREMINNFRQVQKFDERLVYTSFSQVQVCTAAGL SLGIILSLALAGILGICIVVVVSIWLFRRKSIKKGDNKGVIYKPATKMETEAHA Click to Show/Hide
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| 3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
| ADReCS ID | BADD_A00053 ; BADD_A00799 | |||||
| Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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| Approved Drug(s) | [+] 2 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Salicyclic acid | Drug Info | Approved | Seborrhoeic dermatitis | [2], [3], [4] | |
| 2 | Sulfamylon | Drug Info | Approved | Bacterial infection | [4], [5] | |
| Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 1 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Curcumin | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Solid tumour/cancer | [6], [7] | |
| Mode of Action | [+] 1 Modes of Action | + | ||||
| Inhibitor | [+] 96 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Salicyclic acid | Drug Info | [9] | |||
| 2 | Sulfamylon | Drug Info | [1] | |||
| 3 | Curcumin | Drug Info | [10] | |||
| 4 | PARABEN | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 5 | PHENOL | Drug Info | [10] | |||
| 6 | FERULIC ACID | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 7 | 1,4-Dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [12] | |||
| 8 | 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [12] | |||
| 9 | 2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-acetamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 10 | 2,2-Dimethyl-N-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-propionamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 11 | 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [14] | |||
| 12 | 2,4-Disulfamyltrifluoromethylaniline | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 13 | 2-acetamido-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-sulfonic acid | Drug Info | [14] | |||
| 14 | 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [14] | |||
| 15 | 2-Amino-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 16 | 2-Amino-indan-5-sulfonic acid | Drug Info | [14] | |||
| 17 | 2-hydrazinylbenzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 18 | 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 19 | 2-oxo-2H-thiochromene-3-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 20 | 3-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 21 | 3-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 22 | 3-(3-Phenyl-ureido)-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 23 | 3-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)diazenylbenzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 24 | 3-Amino-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [18] | |||
| 25 | 4,4'-thiodipyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 26 | 4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 27 | 4-(2-AMINOETHYL)BENZENESULFONAMIDE | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 28 | 4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 29 | 4-(2-Methyl-8-quinolinoxy)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 30 | 4-(2-Propynylthio)pyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 31 | 4-(4'-N-Methylphenyl)diazenylbenzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 32 | 4-(4-Cyanophenoxy)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 33 | 4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 34 | 4-(5-Methyl-2-pirazolino)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 35 | 4-(Allylamino)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 36 | 4-(Cyanomethylthio)pyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 37 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 38 | 4-(Methylhydrazino)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 39 | 4-(N-Methyl-hydrazino)-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 40 | 4-(N-Oxide-2-pyridylthio)pyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 41 | 4-(Quinolinoxy)-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 42 | 4-Amino-3-bromo-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 43 | 4-Amino-3-fluoro-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 44 | 4-Amino-3-iodo-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 45 | 4-Benzythiopyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 46 | 4-CYANOPHENOL | Drug Info | [9] | |||
| 47 | 4-Ethoxy-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 48 | 4-Hydrazino-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [18] | |||
| 49 | 4-Methanesulfonylamino-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 50 | 4-Methoxy-3-pyridinesulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 51 | 4-Methylamino-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 52 | 4-Methylthiopyridine-3-sulfonamide | Drug Info | [19] | |||
| 53 | 4-[2-(3-Phenyl-ureido)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 54 | 6-(aminomethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 55 | 6-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 56 | 6-Hydroxy-benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid amide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 57 | 6-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 58 | 6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 59 | 7-(benzyloxy)-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 60 | 7-butoxy-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 61 | 7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 62 | 7-phenethoxy-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 63 | 7-propoxy-2H-chromen-2-one | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 64 | 8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 65 | ACETYLSULFANILAMIDE | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 66 | BENZOLAMIDE | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 67 | Carzenide | Drug Info | [15] | |||
| 68 | CATECHOL | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 69 | COUMARIN | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 70 | Decane-1,10-diyl disulfamate | Drug Info | [20] | |||
| 71 | Decyl sulfamate | Drug Info | [20] | |||
| 72 | ELLAGIC ACID | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 73 | ETHOXYCOUMARIN | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 74 | Ethyl 7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | Drug Info | [16] | |||
| 75 | Hexane-1,6-diamine | Drug Info | [21] | |||
| 76 | N-(4-cyanophenyl)sulfamide | Drug Info | [22] | |||
| 77 | N-(4-Sulfamoyl-phenyl)-benzamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 78 | N-(4-Sulfamoyl-phenyl)-butyramide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 79 | N-(4-Sulfamoyl-phenyl)-isobutyramide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 80 | N-(4-Sulfamoyl-phenyl)-propionamide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 81 | N-(pentafluorophenyl)sulfamide | Drug Info | [22] | |||
| 82 | N-hydroxysulfamide | Drug Info | [23] | |||
| 83 | N-propynyl amidebenzenesulphonide | Drug Info | [24] | |||
| 84 | N1-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine | Drug Info | [21] | |||
| 85 | Octane-1,8-diyl disulfamate | Drug Info | [20] | |||
| 86 | Octyl sulfamate | Drug Info | [20] | |||
| 87 | P-Coumaric Acid | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 88 | Pentane-1,5-diamine | Drug Info | [21] | |||
| 89 | Pentanoic acid (4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-amide | Drug Info | [13] | |||
| 90 | Prop-2-ynyl 4-sulfamoylbenzoate | Drug Info | [24] | |||
| 91 | RESORCINOL | Drug Info | [9] | |||
| 92 | SACCHARIN | Drug Info | [25] | |||
| 93 | Sodium N-methylphenylaminomethanesulfonate | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 94 | Sodium phenylaminomethanesulfonate | Drug Info | [17] | |||
| 95 | Syringic Acid | Drug Info | [11] | |||
| 96 | Thioureido sulfonamide | Drug Info | [26] | |||
| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | ||||||
| Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||
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| Ligand Name: Acetazolamide | Ligand Info | |||||
| Structure Description | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE XII COMPLEXED WITH ACETAZOLAMIDE | PDB:1JD0 | ||||
| Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 1.50 Å | Mutation | No | [27] |
| PDB Sequence |
KWTYFGPDGE
13 NSWSKKYPSC23 GGLLQSPIDL33 HSDILQYDAS43 LTPLEFQGYN52 LSANKQFLLT 60 NNGHSVKLNL70 PSDMHIQGLQ85 SRYSATQLHL95 HWGNPNDPHG104 SEHTVSGQHF 114 AAELHIVHYN124 SDLYPDASTA134 SNKSEGLAVL144 AVLIEMGSFN154 PSYDKIFSHL 164 QHVKYKGQEA174 FVPGFNIEEL184 LPERTAEYYR193 YRGSLTTPPC203 NPTVLWTVFR 213 NPVQISQEQL223 LALETALYCT233 HMDDPSPREM241 INNFRQVQKF251 DERLVYTSFS 261
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| Ligand Name: 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(Propylsulfanyl)benzenesulfonamide | Ligand Info | |||||
| Structure Description | Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme XII with 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(propylthio)benzenesulfonamide | PDB:5MSA | ||||
| Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 1.20 Å | Mutation | No | [28] |
| PDB Sequence |
KWTYFGPDGE
12 NSWSKKYPSC22 GGLLQSPIDL32 HSDILQYDAS42 LTPLEFQGYN52 LSANKQFLLT 62 NNGHSVKLNL72 PSDMHIQGLQ82 SRYSATQLHL92 HWGNPNDPHG102 SEHTVSGQHF 112 AAELHIVHYN122 SDLYPDASTA132 SNKSEGLAVL142 AVLIEMGSFN152 PSYDKIFSHL 162 QHVKYKGQEA172 FVPGFNIEEL182 LPERTAEYYR192 YRGSLTTPPC202 NPTVLWTVFR 212 NPVQISQEQL222 LALETALYCT232 HMDDPSPREM242 INNFRQVQKF252 DERLVYTSFS 262 Q
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| Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands | ||||||
| Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Tissue Distribution
of target is determined from a proteomics study that quantified more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue Specificity (TS) score was used to define the enrichment of target across tissues.
The distribution of targets among different tissues or organs need to be taken into consideration when assessing the target druggability, as it is generally accepted that the wider the target distribution, the greater the concern over potential adverse effects
(Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20: 64-81, 2021).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Tissue Distribution
Human Pathway Affiliation
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There is no similarity protein (E value < 0.005) for this target
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Note:
If a protein has TS (tissue specficity) scores at least in one tissue >= 2.5, this protein is called tissue-enriched (including tissue-enriched-but-not-specific and tissue-specific). In the plots, the vertical lines are at thresholds 2.5 and 4.
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| KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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| Nitrogen metabolism | hsa00910 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Metabolism => Energy metabolism | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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| Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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| (1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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| "RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five | ||
| Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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| Co-Targets | ||||||
| Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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| Target Poor or Non Binders | ||||||
| Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
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| Target Expression Profile (TEP) | ||||||
| Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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| KEGG Pathway | [+] 1 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Nitrogen metabolism | |||||
| NetPath Pathway | [+] 1 NetPath Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | TGF_beta_Receptor Signaling Pathway | |||||
| Reactome | [+] 1 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide | |||||
| WikiPathways | [+] 4 WikiPathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Reversible Hydration of Carbon Dioxide | |||||
| 2 | miR-targeted genes in muscle cell - TarBase | |||||
| 3 | miR-targeted genes in leukocytes - TarBase | |||||
| 4 | miR-targeted genes in epithelium - TarBase | |||||
| Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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| Target Validation | ||||||
| References | Top | |||||
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| REF 1 | Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases. J Med Chem. 2010 Apr 8;53(7):2913-26. | |||||
| REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4306). | |||||
| REF 3 | Drug information of Salicyclic acid, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
| REF 4 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
| REF 5 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00634166) Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of Topical Therapy With Sulfamylon For 5% Topical Solution on Autograft Healing in Subjects With Thermal Injuries Requiring Meshed Autografts: A Comparison to a Historical Control Group. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
| REF 6 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7000). | |||||
| REF 7 | Nanocurcumin: a promising therapeutic advancement over native curcumin. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2013;30(4):331-68. | |||||
| REF 8 | Irosustat: a first-generation steroid sulfatase inhibitor in breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2011 Feb;11(2):179-83. | |||||
| REF 9 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of mammalian isoforms I-XIV with a series of substituted phenols including paracetamol and salicylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Aug 1;16(15):7424-8. | |||||
| REF 10 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Antioxidant polyphenols effectively inhibit mammalian isoforms I-XV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Sep 1;20(17):5050-3. | |||||
| REF 11 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mammalian isoforms I-XIV with a series of natural product polyphenols and phenolic acids. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Mar 15;18(6):2159-2164. | |||||
| REF 12 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Regioselective synthesis of novel 1-substituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinesulfonamides and their inhibition of the... Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Sep;45(9):3656-61. | |||||
| REF 13 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with a library of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Nov 1;15(21):4862-6. | |||||
| REF 14 | Indanesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and anticonvulsant agents: structure-activity relationship and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem. 2008 Dec;43(12):2853-60. | |||||
| REF 15 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglauc... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Feb 15;15(4):963-9. | |||||
| REF 16 | Deciphering the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with coumarins and thiocoumarins. J Med Chem. 2010 Jan 14;53(1):335-44. | |||||
| REF 17 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Diazenylbenzenesulfonamides are potent and selective inhibitors of the tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII over the... Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Oct 15;17(20):7093-9. | |||||
| REF 18 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Sep 1;15(17):3828-33. | |||||
| REF 19 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human cytosolic isozymes I and II and transmembrane isozymes IX, XII (cancer-associa... Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Jun;45(6):2396-404. | |||||
| REF 20 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of aliphatic sulfamate/bis-sulfamate adducts with isozymes II and IX as a platform for designing tight-bi... J Med Chem. 2009 Oct 8;52(19):5990-8. | |||||
| REF 21 | Polyamines inhibit carbonic anhydrases by anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule. J Med Chem. 2010 Aug 12;53(15):5511-22. | |||||
| REF 22 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of cytosolic/tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, IX, and XII with N-hydroxy... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 May 2;15(9):2353-8. | |||||
| REF 23 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mamm... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jun 15;20(12):3601-5. | |||||
| REF 24 | Inhibition of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX, XII and XIV with a library of glycoconjugate benzenesulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Feb 15;17(4):987-92. | |||||
| REF 25 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: copper(II) complexes of polyamino-polycarboxylamido aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides are very potent inhibitors of... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 15;18(2):836-41. | |||||
| REF 26 | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: design of thioureido sulfonamides with potent isozyme II and XII inhibitory properties and intraocular pressure lowe... Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Sep 1;15(17):3821-7. | |||||
| REF 27 | Crystal structure of the dimeric extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII, a bitopic membrane protein overexpressed in certain cancer tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 14;98(17):9545-50. | |||||
| REF 28 | Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase | |||||
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