Target Information
| Target General Information | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target ID |
T44068
(Former ID: TTDS00036)
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| Target Name |
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)
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| Synonyms |
Beta-1 adrenoreceptor; Beta-1 adrenoceptor; Beta-1 adrenergic receptor; B1AR; ADRB1R
Click to Show/Hide
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| Gene Name |
ADRB1
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| Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
| Disease | [+] 15 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
| 1 | Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [ICD-11: 4A80-4A8Z] | |||||
| 2 | Asthma [ICD-11: CA23] | |||||
| 3 | Cardiac arrhythmia [ICD-11: BC9Z] | |||||
| 4 | Central and peripheral nervous disease [ICD-11: 8A04-8E7Z] | |||||
| 5 | Circulatory system disease [ICD-11: BE2Z] | |||||
| 6 | Conduction disorder [ICD-11: BC63] | |||||
| 7 | Coronary atherosclerosis [ICD-11: BA80] | |||||
| 8 | Essential hypertension [ICD-11: BA00] | |||||
| 9 | Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] | |||||
| 10 | Heart failure [ICD-11: BD10-BD1Z] | |||||
| 11 | Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00-BA04] | |||||
| 12 | Migraine [ICD-11: 8A80] | |||||
| 13 | Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40-1G41] | |||||
| 14 | Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia [ICD-11: BC81] | |||||
| 15 | Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [ICD-11: BC71] | |||||
| Function |
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. Mediates Ras activation through G(s)-alpha- and cAMP-mediated signaling.
Click to Show/Hide
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| BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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| UniProt ID | ||||||
| Sequence |
MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESPEPLSQQWTAG
MGLLMALIVLLIVAGNVLVIVAIAKTPRLQTLTNLFIMSLASADLVMGLLVVPFGATIVV WGRWEYGSFFCELWTSVDVLCVTASIETLCVIALDRYLAITSPFRYQSLLTRARARGLVC TVWAISALVSFLPILMHWWRAESDEARRCYNDPKCCDFVTNRAYAIASSVVSFYVPLCIM AFVYLRVFREAQKQVKKIDSCERRFLGGPARPPSPSPSPVPAPAPPPGPPRPAAAAATAP LANGRAGKRRPSRLVALREQKALKTLGIIMGVFTLCWLPFFLANVVKAFHRELVPDRLFV FFNWLGYANSAFNPIIYCRSPDFRKAFQRLLCCARRAARRRHATHGDRPRASGCLARPGP PPSPGAASDDDDDDVVGATPPARLLEPWAGCNGGAAADSDSSLDEPCRPGFASESKV Click to Show/Hide
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| 3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold | ||||
| ADReCS ID | BADD_A02934 | |||||
| HIT2.0 ID | T64T6J | |||||
| Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approved Drug(s) | [+] 27 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Acebutolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [4] | |
| 2 | Ajmalicine | Drug Info | Approved | Circulatory disorder | [4] | |
| 3 | Anisodamine | Drug Info | Approved | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [4] | |
| 4 | Anisodine | Drug Info | Approved | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [4] | |
| 5 | Arbutamine | Drug Info | Approved | Coronary artery disease | [11] | |
| 6 | Atenolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [12], [13] | |
| 7 | Betaxolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [14], [6] | |
| 8 | Bisoprolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [15], [6] | |
| 9 | Bretylium | Drug Info | Approved | Ventricular fibrillation | [4] | |
| 10 | Carteolol | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [4] | |
| 11 | Dipivefrin | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic open-angle glaucoma | [4] | |
| 12 | Dobutamine | Drug Info | Approved | Heart failure | [16], [17] | |
| 13 | Epinephrine | Drug Info | Approved | Allergy | [18], [4], [19] | |
| 14 | Esmolol | Drug Info | Approved | Acute supraventricular tachycardia | [20], [6] | |
| 15 | Isoproterenol | Drug Info | Approved | Heart block | [21] | |
| 16 | Levobetaxolol | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic open-angle glaucoma | [4] | |
| 17 | Levobunolol | Drug Info | Approved | Open-angle glaucoma | [22], [6] | |
| 18 | Metipranolol | Drug Info | Approved | Open-angle glaucoma | [23], [4], [24] | |
| 19 | Metoprolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [25], [26], [27] | |
| 20 | Nadolol | Drug Info | Approved | High blood pressure | [28], [29] | |
| 21 | Norepinephrine | Drug Info | Approved | Sepsis | [30], [31] | |
| 22 | Pindolol | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [32], [33] | |
| 23 | Practolol | Drug Info | Approved | Cardiac arrhythmias | [34], [35] | |
| 24 | Propranolol | Drug Info | Approved | Migraine | [36], [37] | |
| 25 | Protokylol Hydrochloride | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [4] | |
| 26 | Sotalol | Drug Info | Approved | Sinus rhythm disorder | [38], [39] | |
| 27 | Timolol | Drug Info | Approved | High blood pressure | [40], [41] | |
| Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 6 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | BUCINDOLOL | Drug Info | Phase 2/3 | Atrial fibrillation | [42] | |
| 2 | BRL 35135 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Diabetic complication | [43], [44] | |
| 3 | COR-1 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Heart failure | [45] | |
| 4 | Galnobax | Drug Info | Phase 1/2 | Diabetic foot ulcer | [46], [47] | |
| 5 | L-796568 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Obesity | [48] | |
| 6 | YM-16151-4 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Hypertension | [49] | |
| Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 3 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Alprenolol | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Hypertension | [50], [51] | |
| 2 | Bethanidine | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Heart arrhythmia | [52] | |
| 3 | Cetamolol | Drug Info | Terminated | Angina pectoris | [53] | |
| Mode of Action | [+] 5 Modes of Action | + | ||||
| Antagonist | [+] 21 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Acebutolol | Drug Info | [54], [55] | |||
| 2 | Atenolol | Drug Info | [54], [55] | |||
| 3 | Betaxolol | Drug Info | [58], [59] | |||
| 4 | Bisoprolol | Drug Info | [60], [61] | |||
| 5 | Bretylium | Drug Info | [62], [63] | |||
| 6 | Dipivefrin | Drug Info | [66] | |||
| 7 | Esmolol | Drug Info | [69] | |||
| 8 | Levobetaxolol | Drug Info | [70] | |||
| 9 | Levobunolol | Drug Info | [1] | |||
| 10 | Metipranolol | Drug Info | [71] | |||
| 11 | Metoprolol | Drug Info | [54], [55], [72] | |||
| 12 | Pindolol | Drug Info | [75] | |||
| 13 | Practolol | Drug Info | [35], [76] | |||
| 14 | Propranolol | Drug Info | [77] | |||
| 15 | Sotalol | Drug Info | [79] | |||
| 16 | Timolol | Drug Info | [80], [81], [82] | |||
| 17 | COR-1 | Drug Info | [45] | |||
| 18 | Alprenolol | Drug Info | [88], [89] | |||
| 19 | Bethanidine | Drug Info | [90] | |||
| 20 | Cebutolol | Drug Info | [55] | |||
| 21 | CGP 20712A | Drug Info | [98], [99] | |||
| Modulator | [+] 8 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Ajmalicine | Drug Info | [56] | |||
| 2 | Anisodamine | Drug Info | [56] | |||
| 3 | Anisodine | Drug Info | [56] | |||
| 4 | Nadolol | Drug Info | [73] | |||
| 5 | Protokylol Hydrochloride | Drug Info | [78] | |||
| 6 | BUCINDOLOL | Drug Info | [83], [84], [85] | |||
| 7 | YM-16151-4 | Drug Info | [49] | |||
| 8 | Cetamolol | Drug Info | [91], [45] | |||
| Stimulator | [+] 2 Stimulator drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Arbutamine | Drug Info | [57] | |||
| 2 | Norepinephrine | Drug Info | [74] | |||
| Agonist | [+] 7 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | Carteolol | Drug Info | [64], [65] | |||
| 2 | Dobutamine | Drug Info | [61], [67] | |||
| 3 | Epinephrine | Drug Info | [68] | |||
| 4 | Isoproterenol | Drug Info | [55] | |||
| 5 | BRL 35135 | Drug Info | [86] | |||
| 6 | Galnobax | Drug Info | [46] | |||
| 7 | Carazolol | Drug Info | [55] | |||
| Inhibitor | [+] 10 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
| 1 | L-796568 | Drug Info | [87] | |||
| 2 | L-755507 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
| 3 | (+/-)-nantenine | Drug Info | [93] | |||
| 4 | (R,R)-(-)-fenoterol | Drug Info | [94] | |||
| 5 | (R,S)-(-)-fenoterol | Drug Info | [94] | |||
| 6 | 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-phenethylamino-propan-2-ol | Drug Info | [95] | |||
| 7 | 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-morpholinopropan-2-ol | Drug Info | [96] | |||
| 8 | 1-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-3-morpholinopropan-2-ol | Drug Info | [96] | |||
| 9 | 4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one | Drug Info | [97] | |||
| 10 | [3H]CGP12177 | Drug Info | [92] | |||
| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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| Cell-based Target Expression Variations | ||||||
| Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Biological Network Descriptors
of target is determined based on a human protein-protein interactions (PPI) network consisting of 9,309 proteins and 52,713 PPIs, which were with a high confidence score of ≥ 0.95 collected from STRING database.
The network properties of targets based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been widely adopted for the assessment of target’s druggability. Proteins with high node degree tend to have a high impact on network function through multiple interactions, while proteins with high betweenness centrality are regarded to be central for communication in interaction networks and regulate the flow of signaling information
(Front Pharmacol, 9, 1245, 2018;
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 44:134-142, 2017).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
Biological Network Descriptors
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| KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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| Calcium signaling pathway | hsa04020 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | hsa04022 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| cAMP signaling pathway | hsa04024 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | hsa04261 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Circulatory system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Gap junction | hsa04540 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Cellular Processes => Cellular community - eukaryotes | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes | hsa04923 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Renin secretion | hsa04924 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Endocrine system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Salivary secretion | hsa04970 | Affiliated Target |
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| Class: Organismal Systems => Digestive system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
| Click to Show/Hide the Information of Affiliated Human Pathways | |||
| Degree | 3 | Degree centrality | 3.22E-04 | Betweenness centrality | 7.52E-05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closeness centrality | 2.05E-01 | Radiality | 1.36E+01 | Clustering coefficient | 0.00E+00 |
| Neighborhood connectivity | 4.40E+01 | Topological coefficient | 3.81E-01 | Eccentricity | 13 |
| Download | Click to Download the Full PPI Network of This Target | ||||
| Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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| Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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| (1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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| (5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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| "RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five | ||
| Co-Targets | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-Targets | ||||||
| Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target Poor or Non Binders | ||||||
| Target Regulators | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target-regulating microRNAs | ||||||
| Target-interacting Proteins | ||||||
| Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KEGG Pathway | [+] 9 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Calcium signaling pathway | |||||
| 2 | cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | |||||
| 3 | cAMP signaling pathway | |||||
| 4 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
| 5 | Endocytosis | |||||
| 6 | Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | |||||
| 7 | Gap junction | |||||
| 8 | Salivary secretion | |||||
| 9 | Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||
| Panther Pathway | [+] 2 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway | |||||
| 2 | Beta1 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | |||||
| Pathwhiz Pathway | [+] 1 Pathwhiz Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Muscle/Heart Contraction | |||||
| Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Adrenoceptors | |||||
| 2 | G alpha (s) signalling events | |||||
| WikiPathways | [+] 6 WikiPathways | + | ||||
| 1 | Monoamine GPCRs | |||||
| 2 | Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell | |||||
| 3 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
| 4 | Endothelin Pathways | |||||
| 5 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
| 6 | GPCR downstream signaling | |||||
| Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
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| Target Validation | ||||||
| References | Top | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF 1 | Binding of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists to rat and rabbit lung: special reference to levobunolol. Arzneimittelforschung. 1984;34(5):579-84. | |||||
| REF 2 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7263). | |||||
| REF 3 | Penbutolol and carteolol: two new beta-adrenergic blockers with partial agonism. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 May;30(5):412-21. | |||||
| REF 4 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
| REF 5 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7246). | |||||
| REF 6 | Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77. | |||||
| REF 7 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7255). | |||||
| REF 8 | Controlled evaluation of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug oxprenolol in anxiety. Med J Aust. 1976 Jun 12;1(24):909-12. | |||||
| REF 9 | The beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulatory effects of alprenolol, oxprenolol and pindolol: a study in the isolated right atrium and uterus of the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1986 Apr;87(4):657-64. | |||||
| REF 10 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 018166. | |||||
| REF 11 | Drug information of Arbutamine, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
| REF 12 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 548). | |||||
| REF 13 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 072303. | |||||
| REF 14 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 549). | |||||
| REF 15 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7129). | |||||
| REF 16 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 535). | |||||
| REF 17 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074086. | |||||
| REF 18 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 509). | |||||
| REF 19 | Drug information of Epinephrine, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
| REF 20 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7178). | |||||
| REF 21 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 083346. | |||||
| REF 22 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 570). | |||||
| REF 23 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7239). | |||||
| REF 24 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 075720. | |||||
| REF 25 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 553). | |||||
| REF 26 | Metoprolol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs. 2000 Sep;60(3):647-78. | |||||
| REF 27 | The effect of food on the relative bioavailability of rapidly dissolving immediate-release solid oral products containing highly soluble drugs. Mol Pharm. 2004 Sep-Oct;1(5):357-62. | |||||
| REF 28 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 554). | |||||
| REF 29 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074229. | |||||
| REF 30 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 505). | |||||
| REF 31 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040455. | |||||
| REF 32 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 91). | |||||
| REF 33 | Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 3. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. CMAJ. 1997 Nov 1;157(9):1245-54. | |||||
| REF 34 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 555). | |||||
| REF 35 | Prostaglandin E2 synthesis elicited by adrenergic stimuli in guinea pig trachea is mediated primarily via activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors. Prostaglandins. 1992 Nov;44(5):399-412. | |||||
| REF 36 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7596). | |||||
| REF 37 | Emerging drugs for complications of end-stage liver disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Mar;13(1):159-74. | |||||
| REF 38 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7297). | |||||
| REF 39 | New antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):311-22. | |||||
| REF 40 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 565). | |||||
| REF 41 | Brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination: a new ocular suspension for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 Aug;10(12):2015-24. | |||||
| REF 42 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
| REF 43 | Acute effects of the beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 35135, on tissue glucose utilisation. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Feb;114(4):888-94. | |||||
| REF 44 | Biphasic effects of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 37344, on glucose utilization in rat isolated skeletal muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Mar;117(6):1355-61. | |||||
| REF 45 | Administration of the cyclic peptide COR-1 in humans (phase I study): ex vivo measurements of anti-beta1-adrenergic receptor antibody neutralization and of immune parameters. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012 Nov;14(11):1230-9. | |||||
| REF 46 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
| REF 47 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |||||
| REF 48 | Effect of a 28-d treatment with L-796568, a novel beta(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist, on energy expenditure and body composition in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):780-8. | |||||
| REF 49 | Antianginal effects of YM-16151-4 in various experimental angina models. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993 May;21(5):701-8. | |||||
| REF 50 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 563). | |||||
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