Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target ID |
T59626
(Former ID: TTDC00129)
|
|||||
Target Name |
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (LTB4R)
|
|||||
Synonyms |
P2Y7; P2Y purinoceptor 7; P2RY7; Leukotriene B(4) receptor BLT1; LTB4-R1; LTB4-R 1; LTB4-R; GPR16; G-protein coupled receptor 16; Chemoattractant receptor-like 1; CMKRL1; BLTR; BLT1; BLT
Click to Show/Hide
|
|||||
Gene Name |
LTB4R
|
|||||
Target Type |
Clinical trial target
|
[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 3 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Human immunodeficiency virus disease [ICD-11: 1C60-1C62] | |||||
2 | Pulmonary disease [ICD-11: 1B10-1F85] | |||||
3 | Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90] | |||||
Function |
The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May be the cardiac P2Y receptor involved in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction through modulation of L-type calcium currents. Is a receptor for leukotriene B4, a potent chemoattractant involved in inflammation and immune response. Receptor for extracellular ATP > UTP and ADP.
Click to Show/Hide
|
|||||
BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
|
|||||
UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MNTTSSAAPPSLGVEFISLLAIILLSVALAVGLPGNSFVVWSILKRMQKRSVTALMVLNL
ALADLAVLLTAPFFLHFLAQGTWSFGLAGCRLCHYVCGVSMYASVLLITAMSLDRSLAVA RPFVSQKLRTKAMARRVLAGIWVLSFLLATPVLAYRTVVPWKTNMSLCFPRYPSEGHRAF HLIFEAVTGFLLPFLAVVASYSDIGRRLQARRFRRSRRTGRLVVLIILTFAAFWLPYHVV NLAEAGRALAGQAAGLGLVGKRLSLARNVLIALAFLSSSVNPVLYACAGGGLLRSAGVGF VAKLLEGTGSEASSTRRGGSLGQTARSGPAALEPGPSESLTASSPLKLNELN Click to Show/Hide
|
|||||
3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | PDB |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 3 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Amelubant | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Pulmonary disease | [2] | |
2 | LTB4 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Human immunodeficiency virus infection | [3] | |
3 | Biomed 101 | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Kidney cancer | [4] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 15 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | CI-949 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Asthma | [7] | |
2 | CP-195543 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Rheumatoid arthritis | [8], [9] | |
3 | LTB 019 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Asthma | [10] | |
4 | LY293111 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Pancreatic cancer | [11], [12] | |
5 | SB-201993 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Psoriasis vulgaris | [13] | |
6 | CP-105696 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Inflammatory bowel disease | [14], [15] | |
7 | TAK-683 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Prostate cancer | [16] | |
8 | DW-1350 | Drug Info | Terminated | Osteoporosis | [20] | |
9 | LY-210073 | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [21] | |
10 | RG-14893 | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [22] | |
11 | RP-66153 | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [23] | |
12 | RP-66364 | Drug Info | Terminated | Inflammation | [24] | |
13 | RP-69698 | Drug Info | Terminated | Inflammation | [25] | |
14 | SB-209247 | Drug Info | Terminated | Psoriasis vulgaris | [26] | |
15 | SC-53228 | Drug Info | Terminated | Asthma | [27] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 5 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Antagonist | [+] 6 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Amelubant | Drug Info | [28], [29] | |||
2 | CP-195543 | Drug Info | [34] | |||
3 | LTB 019 | Drug Info | [35] | |||
4 | LY293111 | Drug Info | [36], [37], [38] | |||
5 | TAK-683 | Drug Info | [41] | |||
6 | SB-209247 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Agonist | [+] 1 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | LTB4 | Drug Info | [1], [30] | |||
Binder | [+] 1 Binder drugs | + | ||||
1 | Biomed 101 | Drug Info | [30], [31], [32] | |||
Modulator | [+] 7 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | CI-949 | Drug Info | [33] | |||
2 | DW-1350 | Drug Info | [42] | |||
3 | LY-210073 | Drug Info | [21] | |||
4 | RG-14893 | Drug Info | [44] | |||
5 | RP-66153 | Drug Info | [45] | |||
6 | RP-66364 | Drug Info | [46] | |||
7 | RP-69698 | Drug Info | [47] | |||
Inhibitor | [+] 18 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | SB-201993 | Drug Info | [39] | |||
2 | CP-105696 | Drug Info | [40] | |||
3 | LY-292728 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
4 | SB-201146 | Drug Info | [39] | |||
5 | SC-51146 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
6 | SC-53228 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
7 | (3S,4R)-3-Benzyl-7-isopropyl-chroman-4-ol | Drug Info | [40] | |||
8 | (LTB4-(Csa)4)2-Glu-H Conjugate | Drug Info | [49] | |||
9 | DTPA Conjugate | Drug Info | [49] | |||
10 | HYNIC Analogue | Drug Info | [49] | |||
11 | Leucettamidine | Drug Info | [50] | |||
12 | LEUCETTAMINE A | Drug Info | [50] | |||
13 | LY-282210 | Drug Info | [43] | |||
14 | SC-50073 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
15 | SC-50676 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
16 | SC-52073 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
17 | SC-52569 | Drug Info | [30] | |||
18 | SC-53229 | Drug Info | [30] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ligand Name: LTB4 | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | cryo-EM structure of LTB4-bound BLT1 in complex with Gi protein | PDB:7VKT | ||||
Method | Electron microscopy | Resolution | 2.90 Å | Mutation | Yes | [51] |
PDB Sequence |
EFISLLAIIL
24 LSVALAVGLP34 GNSFVVWSIL44 KRMQKRSVTA54 LMVLNLALAD64 LAVLLTAPFF 74 LHFLAQGTWS84 FGLAGCRLCH94 YVCGVSMYAS104 VWLITAMSLD114 RSLAVARPFV 124 SQKLRTKAMA134 RRVLAGIWVL144 SFLLATPVLA154 YRTVVPWKTN164 MSLCFPRYPS 174 EGHRAFHLIF184 EAVTGFLLPF194 LIVVASYSDI204 GRRLQARRFR214 RSRRTGRLVV 224 LIILTFAAFW234 LPYHVVNLAE244 AGRALAGQAA254 GLGLVGKRLS264 LARNVLIALA 274 FLSSSVNPVL284 YAFAGGGLLR294 SAGVGFV
|
|||||
|
ALA21
4.333
LEU25
4.513
PHE74
3.457
PHE77
3.838
LEU78
3.237
HIS94
4.510
CYS97
4.619
GLY98
3.930
MET101
3.587
TYR102
3.718
VAL105
3.699
|
|||||
Ligand Name: flavin mononucleotide | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Crystal structure of the Human Leukotriene B4 Receptor 1 in Complex with Selective Antagonist MK-D-046 | PDB:7K15 | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 2.88 Å | Mutation | Yes | [52] |
PDB Sequence |
GVEFISLLAI
22 ILLSVALAVG32 LPGNSFVVWS42 ILKRMQKRSV52 TALMVLNLAL62 ADLAVLLTAP 72 FFLHFLAQGT82 WSFGLAGCRL92 CHYVCGVSMY102 ASVWLITAMS112 LDRYLAVARP 122 FVSQKLRTKA132 MARRVLAGIW142 VLSFLLATPV152 LAYRTVVPWK162 TNMSLCFPRY 172 PSEGHRAFHL182 IFEAVTGFLL192 PFLIVVASYS202 DIGRRLQARR212 AKALIVYGST 1011 TGNTEYTAET1021 IARELADAGY1031 EVDSRDAASV1041 EAGGLFEGFD1051 LVLLGCSTWG 1061 DDSIELQDDF1071 IPLFDSLEET1081 GAQGRKVACF1091 GCGDSSWEYF1101 CGAVDAIEEK 1111 LKNLGAEIVQ1121 DGLRIDGDPR1131 AARDDIVGWA1141 HDVRGAIRRF213 RRSRRTGRLV 223 VLIILTFAAF233 WLPYHVVNLA243 EAGRALAGQA253 AGLGLVGKRL263 SLARNVLIAL 273 AFLSSSVNPV283 LYAFAGGGLL293 RSAGVGFVAK303 LLEGTGAEFL313 EVLFQ |
|||||
|
GLY1009
3.671
SER1010
2.740
THR1011
3.306
THR1012
2.660
GLY1013
3.167
ASN1014
2.763
THR1015
3.222
SER1058
2.561
THR1059
2.786
TRP1060
3.360
GLY1061
2.967
ASP1062
4.577
|
|||||
Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
---|---|
Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
|
KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
---|---|---|---|
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
|
Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy |
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
---|---|
Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
---|---|---|
(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
|
||
(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
|
||
(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
|
||
"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Regulators | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target-interacting Proteins |
Target Profiles in Patients | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target Expression Profile (TEP) |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KEGG Pathway | [+] 1 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
NetPath Pathway | [+] 1 NetPath Pathways | + | ||||
1 | IL4 Signaling Pathway | |||||
Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Leukotriene receptors | |||||
2 | G alpha (q) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 6 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Nucleotide GPCRs | |||||
2 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
3 | Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK | |||||
4 | Spinal Cord Injury | |||||
5 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
6 | GPCR downstream signaling |
Target-Related Models and Studies | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target Validation |
References | Top | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
REF 1 | LTB4 promotes insulin resistance in obese mice by acting on macrophages, hepatocytes and myocytes. Nat Med. 2015 Mar;21(3):239-47. | |||||
REF 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02249338) Effect of BIIL 284 BS on Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Boehringer Ingelheim. | |||||
REF 3 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00251537) A Pilot Study of LTB4 in HIV-1 Infected Adults in LTB4 Sweden AB. | |||||
REF 4 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00004890)Biomed 101 and Interleukin-2 in Treating Patients With Kidney Cancer in National Cancer Institute (NCI). | |||||
REF 5 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3415). | |||||
REF 6 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800002326) | |||||
REF 7 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000104) | |||||
REF 8 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6155). | |||||
REF 9 | ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00424294) A Study Of CP-195543 And Celecoxib Dual Therapy In Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis. U.S. National Institutes of Health. | |||||
REF 10 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800015581) | |||||
REF 11 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2948). | |||||
REF 12 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003262) | |||||
REF 13 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003335) | |||||
REF 14 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3368). | |||||
REF 15 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005644) | |||||
REF 16 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028256) | |||||
REF 17 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800005401) | |||||
REF 18 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3351). | |||||
REF 19 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001833) | |||||
REF 20 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026567) | |||||
REF 21 | Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of potent xanthone dicarboxylic acid leukotriene B4 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Jun 11;36(12):1726-34. | |||||
REF 22 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001715) | |||||
REF 23 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003980) | |||||
REF 24 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003795) | |||||
REF 25 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003683) | |||||
REF 26 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006734) | |||||
REF 27 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006478) | |||||
REF 28 | Leukotriene receptor antagonists in children with cystic fibrosis lung disease : anti-inflammatory and clinical effects. Paediatr Drugs. 2005;7(6):353-63. | |||||
REF 29 | Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan-Feb;27(1):49-77. | |||||
REF 30 | Synthesis and pharmacological activity of SC-53228, a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist with high intrinsic potency and selectivity, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 4(6):811-816 (1994). | |||||
REF 31 | Biomed 101, a leukotriene B4 inhibitor, may decrease IL-2 toxicity. 2003 ASCO Annual Meeting. 2003. | |||||
REF 32 | Multiple actions of the leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist SC-41930. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Jan;260(1):187-91. | |||||
REF 33 | Inhibition of histamine, leukotriene C4/D4, and thromboxane B2 release from human leukocytes and human chopped lung mast cells by the allergic mediator release inhibitor, CI-949. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990 Dec;86(6 Pt 1):902-8. | |||||
REF 34 | The synthesis of CP-195543, an LTB4 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 1999 Nov;2(6):550-6. | |||||
REF 35 | Effect of the oral leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist LTB019 on inflammatory sputum markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008;21(2):409-17. | |||||
REF 36 | The Role of PPARgamma Receptors and Leukotriene B(4) Receptors in Mediating the Effects of LY293111 in Pancreatic Cancer. PPAR Res. 2008;2008:827096. | |||||
REF 37 | A phase I study of oral LY293111 given daily in combination with irinotecan in patients with solid tumours. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Jun;25(3):217-25. | |||||
REF 38 | Leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor LY293111 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells via JNK phosphorylation. Leukemia. 2005 Nov;19(11):1977-84. | |||||
REF 39 | (E)-3-[6-[[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)thio]methyl]-3-(2-phenylethoxy)-2- pyridinyl]-2-propenoic acid: a high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist w... J Med Chem. 1996 Sep 13;39(19):3837-41. | |||||
REF 40 | 3-Substituted-4-hydroxy-7-chromanylacetic acid derivatives as antagonists of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 7(17):2307-2312 (1997). | |||||
REF 41 | A second leukotriene B(4) receptor, BLT2. A new therapeutic target in inflammation and immunological disorders. J Exp Med. 2000 Aug 7;192(3):421-32. | |||||
REF 42 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026850) | |||||
REF 43 | Biphenylyl-substituted xanthones: highly potent leukotriene B4 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Nov 26;36(24):3982-4. | |||||
REF 44 | Structure-activity relationships study of two series of leukotriene B4 antagonists: novel indolyl and naphthyl compounds substituted with a 2-[methyl(2-phenethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl side chain. J Med Chem. 1996 Sep 13;39(19):3756-68. | |||||
REF 45 | Omega-[(omega-arylalkyl)thienyl]alkanoic acids: from specific LTA4 hydrolase inhibitors to LTB4 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 1992 Aug 21;35(17):3170-9. | |||||
REF 46 | WO patent application no. 1997,0297,75, Compositions comprising a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a leukotriene b4 receptor antagonist. | |||||
REF 47 | omega-[(4,6-Diphenyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]alkanoic acid derivatives: a new family of potent and orally active LTB4 antagonists. J Med Chem. 1992 Nov 13;35(23):4315-24. | |||||
REF 48 | Formation and protein binding of the acyl glucuronide of a leukotriene B4 antagonist (SB-209247): relation to species differences in hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Feb;33(2):271-81. | |||||
REF 49 | Synthesis of leukotriene B4 antagonists labeled with In-111 or Tc-99m to image infectious and inflammatory foci. J Med Chem. 2005 Oct 6;48(20):6442-53. | |||||
REF 50 | New leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist: leucettamine A and related imidazole alkaloids from the marine sponge Leucetta microraphis. J Nat Prod. 1993 Jan;56(1):116-21. | |||||
REF 51 | Structural basis of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 activation. Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):1156. | |||||
REF 52 | Structural insights on ligand recognition at the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1. Nat Commun. 2021 May 20;12(1):2971. |
If You Find Any Error in Data or Bug in Web Service, Please Kindly Report It to Dr. Zhou and Dr. Zhang.