Target Regulator(s) Information (Transcription Factor)

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Target General Information
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target
References
Target General Information  Top
Target ID T07958 Target Info
Target Name Erythropoietin (EPO)
Synonyms Epoetin
Target Type Clinical trial Target
Gene Name EPO
UniProt ID
EPO_HUMAN
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target  Top
TF Name Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF-4A) homodimer
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys4 zinc finger of nuclear receptor type
Family Thyroid hormone receptor-like factors
Subfamily Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism HNF-4, TR2-11, ROR alpha 1, and EAR3/COUP-TF1 bound specifically to the response elements in the EPO promoter and enhancer and, except for ROR alpha 1, formed DNA-protein complexes that had mobilities similar to those observed in nuclear extracts of the EPO-producing cell line Hep3B. [1]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [1]
2 Luciferase Reporter Assay [6]
UniProt ID
HNF4A_HUMAN
Sequence
MRLSKTLVDMDMADYSAALDPAYTTLEFENVQVLTMGNDTSPSEGTNLNAPNSLGVSALC
AICGDRATGKHYGASSCDGCKGFFRRSVRKNHMYSCRFSRQCVVDKDKRNQCRYCRLKKC
FRAGMKKEAVQNERDRISTRRSSYEDSSLPSINALLQAEVLSRQITSPVSGINGDIRAKK
IASIADVCESMKEQLLVLVEWAKYIPAFCELPLDDQVALLRAHAGEHLLLGATKRSMVFK
DVLLLGNDYIVPRHCPELAEMSRVSIRILDELVLPFQELQIDDNEYAYLKAIIFFDPDAK
GLSDPGKIKRLRSQVQVSLEDYINDRQYDSRGRFGELLLLLPTLQSITWQMIEQIQFIKL
FGMAKIDNLLQEMLLGGSPSDAPHAHHPLHPHLMQEHMGTNVIVANTMPTHLSNGQMCEW
PRPRGQAATPETPQPSPPGGSGSEPYKLLPGAVATIVKPLSAIPQPTITKQEVI
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apolipoproteins [+] 4 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [9]
2 Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [10]
3 Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [11]
4 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoCIII) Clinical trial Target Target Info [12]
Coagulation factors [+] 1 Coagulation factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Coagulation factor VIII (F8) Successful Target Target Info [13]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [1]
Nuclear hormone receptors [+] 1 Nuclear hormone receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) Literature-reported Target Target Info [14]
Oxidoreductases [+] 2 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6) Successful Target Target Info [15]
2 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [16]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Coagulation factor IX (F9) Successful Target Target Info [17]
Serpin proteins [+] 1 Serpin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Angiotensinogen (AGT) Literature-reported Target Target Info [18]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [19]
TF Name cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Regulation Mechanism The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was first described as a DNA binding activity that specifically recognizes an 8 bp motif known to be essential for hypoxia-inducible EPO gene transcription. Recombinant ATF-1 and CREB-1 proteins bound HIF1 probes either as homodimers or as heterodimers, indicating a new binding specificity for ATF-1/CREB-1. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [7]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Reporter Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CREB1_HUMAN
Sequence
MTMESGAENQQSGDAAVTEAENQQMTVQAQPQIATLAQVSMPAAHATSSAPTVTLVQLPN
GQTVQVHGVIQAAQPSVIQSPQVQTVQSSCKDLKRLFSGTQISTIAESEDSQESVDSVTD
SQKRREILSRRPSYRKILNDLSSDAPGVPRIEEEKSEEETSAPAITTVTVPTPIYQTSSG
QYIAITQGGAIQLANNGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNAAATQPGTTILQYAQTTDGQQILVPSNQV
VVQAASGDVQTYQIRTAPTSTIAPGVVMASSPALPTQPAEEAARKREVRLMKNREAAREC
RRKKKEYVKCLENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKALKDLYCHKSD
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2) Successful Target Target Info [20]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 3 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [21]
2 Interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) Successful Target Target Info [22]
3 Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) Successful Target Target Info [23]
Fibronectin proteins [+] 1 Fibronectin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Fibronectin (FN1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [24]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [25]
Glucagons [+] 1 Glucagons Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) Literature-reported Target Target Info [26]
Hormones [+] 2 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [2]
2 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Successful Target Target Info [27]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (CD4) Successful Target Target Info [28]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [29]
Oxidoreductases [+] 2 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1) Successful Target Target Info [30]
2 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [31]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) Successful Target Target Info [32]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [33]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [34]
TF Name Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A/1B (HIF-1) heterodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Tal/Twist/Atonal/Hen
Family Factors with PAS domain
Regulation Mechanism The Epo3 enhancer contains hypoxia-inducible enhancer binding site 1 (HIF-1 element) and two direct repeats of hexanucleotide consensus nuclear receptor half site (HNF-4 element). [3]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [8]
2 Reporter Assay [3]
UniProt ID
HIF1A_HUMAN/ARNT_HUMAN
Sequence
MEGAGGANDKKKISSERRKEKSRDAARSRRSKESEVFYELAHQLPLPHNVSSHLDKASVM
RLTISYLRVRKLLDAGDLDIEDDMKAQMNCFYLKALDGFVMVLTDDGDMIYISDNVNKYM
GLTQFELTGHSVFDFTHPCDHEEMREMLTHRNGLVKKGKEQNTQRSFFLRMKCTLTSRGR
TMNIKSATWKVLHCTGHIHVYDTNSNQPQCGYKKPPMTCLVLICEPIPHPSNIEIPLDSK
TFLSRHSLDMKFSYCDERITELMGYEPEELLGRSIYEYYHALDSDHLTKTHHDMFTKGQV
TTGQYRMLAKRGGYVWVETQATVIYNTKNSQPQCIVCVNYVVSGIIQHDLIFSLQQTECV
LKPVESSDMKMTQLFTKVESEDTSSLFDKLKKEPDALTLLAPAAGDTIISLDFGSNDTET
DDQQLEEVPLYNDVMLPSPNEKLQNINLAMSPLPTAETPKPLRSSADPALNQEVALKLEP
NPESLELSFTMPQIQDQTPSPSDGSTRQSSPEPNSPSEYCFYVDSDMVNEFKLELVEKLF
AEDTEAKNPFSTQDTDLDLEMLAPYIPMDDDFQLRSFDQLSPLESSSASPESASPQSTVT
VFQQTQIQEPTANATTTTATTDELKTVTKDRMEDIKILIASPSPTHIHKETTSATSSPYR
DTQSRTASPNRAGKGVIEQTEKSHPRSPNVLSVALSQRTTVPEEELNPKILALQNAQRKR
KMEHDGSLFQAVGIGTLLQQPDDHAATTSLSWKRVKGCKSSEQNGMEQKTIILIPSDLAC
RLLGQSMDESGLPQLTSYDCEVNAPIQGSRNLLQGEELLRALDQVN
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Endothelins/sarafotoxins [+] 1 Endothelins/sarafotoxins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Endothelin-1 (EDN1) Literature-reported Target Target Info [35]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) Successful Target Target Info [36]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [3]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) Clinical trial Target Target Info [37]
TF Name GATA-binding factor 2 (GATA-2)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class diverse Cys4 zinc fingers
Family GATA-Factors
Subfamily vertebral GATA-Factors
Regulation Type Decrease
Regulation Mechanism GATA element in thepromoterplays an important role in limiting the hypoxic induction of theEPO gene. [4]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 DNA Binding Assay [4]
UniProt ID
GATA2_HUMAN
Sequence
MEVAPEQPRWMAHPAVLNAQHPDSHHPGLAHNYMEPAQLLPPDEVDVFFNHLDSQGNPYY
ANPAHARARVSYSPAHARLTGGQMCRPHLLHSPGLPWLDGGKAALSAAAAHHHNPWTVSP
FSKTPLHPSAAGGPGGPLSVYPGAGGGSGGGSGSSVASLTPTAAHSGSHLFGFPPTPPKE
VSPDPSTTGAASPASSSAGGSAARGEDKDGVKYQVSLTESMKMESGSPLRPGLATMGTQP
ATHHPIPTYPSYVPAAAHDYSSGLFHPGGFLGGPASSFTPKQRSKARSCSEGRECVNCGA
TATPLWRRDGTGHYLCNACGLYHKMNGQNRPLIKPKRRLSAARRAGTCCANCQTTTTTLW
RRNANGDPVCNACGLYYKLHNVNRPLTMKKEGIQTRNRKMSNKSKKSKKGAECFEELSKC
MQEKSSPFSAAALAGHMAPVGHLPPFSHSGHILPTPTPIHPSSSLSFGHPHPSSMVTAMG
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Endothelins/sarafotoxins [+] 1 Endothelins/sarafotoxins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Endothelin-1 (EDN1) Literature-reported Target Target Info [35]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [25]
Glycoproteins [+] 1 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 von Willebrand factor (VWF) Successful Target Target Info [38]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [4]
Oxidoreductases [+] 2 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [39]
2 Nitric-oxide synthase endothelial (NOS3) Clinical trial Target Target Info [40]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Wilms tumor protein (WT1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [41]
TF Name cAMP-dependent transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family CREB
Regulation Mechanism The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was first described as a DNA binding activity that specifically recognizes an 8 bp motif known to be essential for hypoxia-inducible EPO gene transcription. Recombinant ATF-1 and CREB-1 proteins bound HIF1 probes either as homodimers or as heterodimers, indicating a new binding specificity for ATF-1/CREB-1. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Reporter Assay [2]
UniProt ID
ATF1_HUMAN
Sequence
MEDSHKSTTSETAPQPGSAVQGAHISHIAQQVSSLSESEESQDSSDSIGSSQKAHGILAR
RPSYRKILKDLSSEDTRGRKGDGENSGVSAAVTSMSVPTPIYQTSSGQYIAIAPNGALQL
ASPGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNSGSTQQGTTILQYAQTSDGQQILVPSNQVVVQTASGDMQTYQ
IRTTPSATSLPQTVVMTSPVTLTSQTTKTDDPQLKREIRLMKNREAARECRRKKKEYVKC
LENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKTLKDLYSNKSV
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cyclins [+] 2 Cyclins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [42]
2 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [43]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [21]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [44]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [2]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [29]
TF Name COUP transcription factor 1 (COUP-TF1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys4 zinc finger of nuclear receptor type
Regulation Type Decrease
Regulation Mechanism HNF-4, TR2-11, ROR alpha 1, and EAR3/COUP-TF1 bound specifically to the response elements in the EPO promoter and enhancer and, except for ROR alpha 1, formed DNA-protein complexes that had mobilities similar to those observed in nuclear extracts of the EPO-producing cell line Hep3B. [1]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [1]
UniProt ID
COT1_HUMAN
Sequence
MAMVVSSWRDPQDDVAGGNPGGPNPAAQAARGGGGGAGEQQQQAGSGAPHTPQTPGQPGA
PATPGTAGDKGQGPPGSGQSQQHIECVVCGDKSSGKHYGQFTCEGCKSFFKRSVRRNLTY
TCRANRNCPIDQHHRNQCQYCRLKKCLKVGMRREAVQRGRMPPTQPNPGQYALTNGDPLN
GHCYLSGYISLLLRAEPYPTSRYGSQCMQPNNIMGIENICELAARLLFSAVEWARNIPFF
PDLQITDQVSLLRLTWSELFVLNAAQCSMPLHVAPLLAAAGLHASPMSADRVVAFMDHIR
IFQEQVEKLKALHVDSAEYSCLKAIVLFTSDACGLSDAAHIESLQEKSQCALEEYVRSQY
PNQPSRFGKLLLRLPSLRTVSSSVIEQLFFVRLVGKTPIETLIRDMLLSGSSFNWPYMSI
QCS
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apolipoproteins [+] 4 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [45]
2 Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [10]
3 Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [46]
4 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoCIII) Clinical trial Target Target Info [47]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [1]
TF Name Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Helix-loop-helix factors (bHLH)
Family Factors with PAS domain
Regulation Type Increase
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [5]
UniProt ID
ARNT_HUMAN
Sequence
MAATTANPEMTSDVPSLGPAIASGNSGPGIQGGGAIVQRAIKRRPGLDFDDDGEGNSKFL
RCDDDQMSNDKERFARSDDEQSSADKERLARENHSEIERRRRNKMTAYITELSDMVPTCS
ALARKPDKLTILRMAVSHMKSLRGTGNTSTDGSYKPSFLTDQELKHLILEAADGFLFIVS
CETGRVVYVSDSVTPVLNQPQSEWFGSTLYDQVHPDDVDKLREQLSTSENALTGRILDLK
TGTVKKEGQQSSMRMCMGSRRSFICRMRCGSSSVDPVSVNRLSFVRNRCRNGLGSVKDGE
PHFVVVHCTGYIKAWPPAGVSLPDDDPEAGQGSKFCLVAIGRLQVTSSPNCTDMSNVCQP
TEFISRHNIEGIFTFVDHRCVATVGYQPQELLGKNIVEFCHPEDQQLLRDSFQQVVKLKG
QVLSVMFRFRSKNQEWLWMRTSSFTFQNPYSDEIEYIICTNTNVKNSSQEPRPTLSNTIQ
RPQLGPTANLPLEMGSGQLAPRQQQQQTELDMVPGRDGLASYNHSQVVQPVTTTGPEHSK
PLEKSDGLFAQDRDPRFSEIYHNINADQSKGISSSTVPATQQLFSQGNTFPPTPRPAENF
RNSGLAPPVTIVQPSASAGQMLAQISRHSNPTQGATPTWTPTTRSGFSAQQVATQATAKT
RTSQFGVGSFQTPSSFSSMSLPGAPTASPGAAAYPSLTNRGSNFAPETGQTAGQFQTRTA
EGVGVWPQWQGQQPHHRSSSSEQHVQQPPAQQPGQPEVFQEMLSMLGDQSNSYNNEEFPD
LTMFPPFSE
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [5]
References  Top
REF 1 The orphan receptor hepatic nuclear factor 4 functions as a transcriptional activator for tissue-specific and hypoxia-specific erythropoietin gene expression and is antagonized by EAR3/COUP-TF1. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Apr;15(4):2135-44.
REF 2 The transcription factors ATF-1 and CREB-1 bind constitutively to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) DNA recognition site. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 25;23(22):4542-50.
REF 3 Transitional change in interaction between HIF-1 and HNF-4 in response to hypoxia. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(5):293-9.
REF 4 N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibits erythropoietin gene expression by stimulating GATA-2. Blood. 2000 Sep 1;96(5):1716-22.
REF 5 Transcriptionally active heterodimer formation of an Arnt-like PAS protein, Arnt3, with HIF-1a, HLF, and clock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jul 30;248(3):789-94.
REF 6 The impact of KRAS mutations on VEGF-A production and tumour vascular network. BMC Cancer. 2013 Mar 18;13:125.
REF 7 Control of histidine decarboxylase gene expression in enterochromaffin-like cells. Yale J Biol Med. 1998 May-Aug;71(3-4):195-205.
REF 8 Glutathione S-transferase-pi overexpression is closely associated with K-ras mutation during human colon carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2001 Oct;121(4):865-74.
REF 9 Modulation of transcriptional activation and coactivator interaction by a splicing variation in the F domain of nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha1. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Oct;19(10):6509-22.
REF 10 Transcriptional regulation of human apolipoprotein genes ApoB, ApoCIII, and ApoAII by members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily HNF-4, AR... J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 5;267(22):15849-60.
REF 11 Identification and characterization of a 315-base pair enhancer, located more than 55 kilobases 5' of the apolipoprotein B gene, that confers expression in the intestine. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):26637-48.
REF 12 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates transcription of the ApoCIII gene. Involvement of the orphan nuclear receptor HNF4. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 12;274(46):33050-6.
REF 13 cis-acting elements and transcription factors involved in the promoter activity of the human factor VIII gene. J Biol Chem. 1995 May 19;270(20):11828-38.
REF 14 Regulatory mechanisms controlling human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;21(21):7320-30.
REF 15 Characterization of the human cytochrome P4502D6 promoter. A potential role for antagonistic interactions between members of the nuclear receptor family. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 11;271(41):25269-76.
REF 16 Co-operation of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 with Sp1 or Sp3 leads to transcriptional activation of the human haem oxygenase-1 gene promoter in a hepatoma cell line. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):641-52.
REF 17 Disruption of a C/EBP binding site in the factor IX promoter is associated with haemophilia B. Nature. 1990 May 31;345(6274):444-6.
REF 18 Regulated expression of human angiotensinogen gene by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34605-12.
REF 19 A different combination of transcription factors modulates the expression of the human transferrin promoter in liver and Sertoli cells. J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 5;268(31):23399-408.
REF 20 Induction of bcl-2 expression by phosphorylated CREB proteins during B-cell activation and rescue from apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;16(10):5546-56.
REF 21 The proximal regulatory element of the interferon-gamma promoter mediates selective expression in T cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 13;271(50):31964-72.
REF 22 An AP-1 site in the promoter of the human IL-5R alpha gene is necessary for promoter activity in eosinophilic HL60 cells. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 4;434(3):251-4.
REF 23 Transcription factors NF-IL6 and CREB recognize a common essential site in the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;14(11):7285-97.
REF 24 Cyclic AMP inhibits fibronectin gene expression in a newly developed granulosa cell line by a mechanism that suppresses cAMP-responsive element-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 25;265(30):18219-26.
REF 25 Functional mapping of a placenta-specific upstream promoter for human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Endocrinology. 2001 Apr;142(4):1506-16.
REF 26 Cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation are mediated by the same enhancer element in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3882-7.
REF 27 A redox factor protein, ref1, is involved in negative gene regulation by extracellular calcium. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 11;269(45):27855-62.
REF 28 CD4 promoter transactivation by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8797-805.
REF 29 Identification of a novel sterol-independent regulatory element in the human low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):5214-21.
REF 30 Regulatory mechanisms of cAMP-dependent and cell-specific expression of human steroidogenic cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) gene. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jun 15;222(3):825-34.
REF 31 Noradrenergic-specific transcription of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene requires synergy of multiple cis-acting elements including at least two Phox2a-binding sites. J Neurosci. 1998 Oct 15;18(20):8247-60.
REF 32 Differential binding of cAMP-responsive-element (CRE)-binding protein-1 and activating transcription factor-2 to a CRE-like element in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene promoter correlates with opposite regulation of t-PA by phorbol ester in HT-1080 and HeLa cells. Eur J Biochem. 1996 May 1;237(3):532-8.
REF 33 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 signaling pathways converge on the CREB-binding site in the human egr-1 promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;14(9):5975-85.
REF 34 Brain-specific expression of the human transferrin gene. Similar elements govern transcription in oligodendrocytes and in a neuronal cell line. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24504-10.
REF 35 Molecular regulation of the endothelin-1 gene by hypoxia. Contributions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, activator protein-1, GATA-2, AND p300/CBP. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12645-53.
REF 36 Identification of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ancillary sequence and its function in vascular endothelial growth factor gene induction by hypoxia an... J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 19;276(3):2292-8.
REF 37 Identification of a hypoxia response element in the transferrin receptor gene. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 20;274(34):24147-52.
REF 38 Endothelial-cell-specific regulation of von Willebrand factor gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;14(2):999-1008.
REF 39 The proximal promoter region of the gene encoding human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contains GATA, AP-2, and Sp1 response elements: analysis of promoter function in choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3417-25.
REF 40 Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter. Sp1 and GATA factors are necessary for basal transcription in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 23;270(25):15320-6.
REF 41 Transactivation of an intronic hematopoietic-specific enhancer of the human Wilms' tumor 1 gene by GATA-1 and c-Myb. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 14;272(46):29272-80.
REF 42 Down-regulation of the cyclin A promoter in differentiating human embryonal carcinoma cells is mediated by depletion of ATF-1 and ATF-2 in the complex at the ATF/CRE site. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Feb;216(2):422-30.
REF 43 Transcription factors RFX1/EF-C and ATF-1 associate with the adenovirus E1A-responsive element of the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Sep 25;23(18):3732-41.
REF 44 Retinoblastoma gene product activates expression of the human TGF-beta 2 gene through transcription factor ATF-2. Nature. 1992 Jul 23;358(6384):331-4.
REF 45 COUP orphan receptors are negative regulators of retinoic acid response pathways. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Oct;12(10):4666-76.
REF 46 Transcriptional regulation of the apolipoprotein B100 gene: purification and characterization of trans-acting factor BRF-2. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;12(7):3183-91.
REF 47 Antagonism between apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein 1, Ear3/COUP-TF, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 modulates apolipoprotein CIII gene expression in liver and intestinal cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;12(4):1708-18.

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