Target Information
Target General Information | Top | |||||
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Target ID |
T79961
(Former ID: TTDI01755)
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Target Name |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (CHRM5)
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Synonyms |
CHRM5
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Gene Name |
CHRM5
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Target Type |
Successful target
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[1] | ||||
Disease | [+] 28 Target-related Diseases | + | ||||
1 | Abnormal micturition [ICD-11: MF50] | |||||
2 | Anterior uveitis [ICD-11: 9A96] | |||||
3 | Appearance/behaviour symptom [ICD-11: MB23] | |||||
4 | Asthma [ICD-11: CA23] | |||||
5 | Brain disease [ICD-11: 8C70-8E61] | |||||
6 | Central and peripheral nervous disease [ICD-11: 8A04-8E7Z] | |||||
7 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22] | |||||
8 | Cognition symptoms/signs/clinical sympton [ICD-11: MB21] | |||||
9 | Cough [ICD-11: MD12] | |||||
10 | Digestive system disease [ICD-11: DE2Z] | |||||
11 | Female pelvic pain [ICD-11: GA34] | |||||
12 | Functional bladder disorder [ICD-11: GC50] | |||||
13 | Gastritis [ICD-11: DA42] | |||||
14 | General examination [ICD-11: QA00] | |||||
15 | Glaucoma [ICD-11: 9C61] | |||||
16 | Hypertension [ICD-11: BA00-BA04] | |||||
17 | Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [ICD-11: 1A40] | |||||
18 | Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD-11: DD91] | |||||
19 | Nystagmus [ICD-11: 9C84] | |||||
20 | Oesophagus motility disorder [ICD-11: DA21] | |||||
21 | Pain [ICD-11: MG30-MG3Z] | |||||
22 | Pancreatitis [ICD-11: DC31-DC34] | |||||
23 | Parkinsonism [ICD-11: 8A00] | |||||
24 | Peptic ulcer [ICD-11: DA61] | |||||
25 | Polyuria [ICD-11: MF55] | |||||
26 | Tonus and reflex abnormality [ICD-11: MB47] | |||||
27 | Unspecific substance harmful effect [ICD-11: NE6Z] | |||||
28 | Urgency [ICD-11: N.A.] | |||||
Function |
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Click to Show/Hide
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BioChemical Class |
GPCR rhodopsin
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UniProt ID | ||||||
Sequence |
MEGDSYHNATTVNGTPVNHQPLERHRLWEVITIAAVTAVVSLITIVGNVLVMISFKVNSQ
LKTVNNYYLLSLACADLIIGIFSMNLYTTYILMGRWALGSLACDLWLALDYVASNASVMN LLVISFDRYFSITRPLTYRAKRTPKRAGIMIGLAWLISFILWAPAILCWQYLVGKRTVPL DECQIQFLSEPTITFGTAIAAFYIPVSVMTILYCRIYRETEKRTKDLADLQGSDSVTKAE KRKPAHRALFRSCLRCPRPTLAQRERNQASWSSSRRSTSTTGKPSQATGPSANWAKAEQL TTCSSYPSSEDEDKPATDPVLQVVYKSQGKESPGEEFSAEETEETFVKAETEKSDYDTPN YLLSPAAAHRPKSQKCVAYKFRLVVKADGNQETNNGCHKVKIMPCPFPVAKEPSTKGLNP NPSHQMTKRKRVVLVKERKAAQTLSAILLAFIITWTPYNIMVLVSTFCDKCVPVTLWHLG YWLCYVNSTVNPICYALCNRTFRKTFKMLLLCRWKKKKVEEKLYWQGNSKLP Click to Show/Hide
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3D Structure | Click to Show 3D Structure of This Target | AlphaFold |
Drugs and Modes of Action | Top | |||||
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Approved Drug(s) | [+] 29 Approved Drugs | + | ||||
1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [2], [4] | |
2 | Anisodine | Drug Info | Approved | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [2] | |
3 | Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [2], [5] | |
4 | Atropine | Drug Info | Approved | Organophosphate poisoning | [6], [7] | |
5 | Belladonna | Drug Info | Approved | Colitis | [2] | |
6 | Bethanechol | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary retention | [8], [9] | |
7 | Butylscopolamine | Drug Info | Approved | Dysmenorrhea | [2] | |
8 | Choline alfoscerate | Drug Info | Approved | Amnesia | [2] | |
9 | Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Spasm | [2] | |
10 | Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | Approved | Hypertension | [2] | |
11 | Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | Approved | Examination of eyes or vision | [2] | |
12 | Flavoxate | Drug Info | Approved | Suprapubic pain | [2] | |
13 | Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Cough | [2] | |
14 | Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | Approved | Uveitis | [2], [10] | |
15 | Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | Approved | Gastrointestinal disease | [3] | |
16 | Ispaghula | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [3] | |
17 | Mepenzolate | Drug Info | Approved | Gastrointestinal disease | [2], [11] | |
18 | Methantheline | Drug Info | Approved | Gastritis | [2] | |
19 | Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | Approved | Asthma | [2] | |
20 | Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | Approved | Peptic ulcer | [2], [12], [13] | |
21 | Pilocarpine | Drug Info | Approved | Glaucoma/ocular hypertension | [14], [15] | |
22 | Prifinium | Drug Info | Approved | Irritable bowel syndrome | [2] | |
23 | Procyclidine | Drug Info | Approved | Parkinson disease | [16], [17] | |
24 | Promazine | Drug Info | Approved | Psychomotor agitation | [2] | |
25 | Propiverine | Drug Info | Approved | Urinary incontinence | [2] | |
26 | Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | Approved | Acquired nystagmus | [18] | |
27 | Trospium | Drug Info | Approved | Spasm | [2], [19], [20], [21], [22] | |
28 | Umeclidinium | Drug Info | Approved | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [23], [24] | |
29 | Pramiracetam | Drug Info | Approved (orphan drug) | Brain disease | [2] | |
Clinical Trial Drug(s) | [+] 4 Clinical Trial Drugs | + | ||||
1 | L-651582 | Drug Info | Phase 3 | Solid tumour/cancer | [25] | |
2 | OrM3 | Drug Info | Phase 2b | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [26] | |
3 | GSK233705 | Drug Info | Phase 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [26] | |
4 | Dexpirronium | Drug Info | Phase 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [27] | |
Discontinued Drug(s) | [+] 7 Discontinued Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Benactyzine | Drug Info | Withdrawn from market | Depression | [28] | |
2 | BMS-181168 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Cognitive impairment | [29] | |
3 | DDP-200 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Urinary incontinence | [30] | |
4 | FK-584 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 2 | Central and peripheral nervous disease | [31] | |
5 | AM-831 | Drug Info | Discontinued in Phase 1 | Schizophrenia | [32] | |
6 | RS 86 | Drug Info | Terminated | Alzheimer disease | [34] | |
7 | SU-740 | Drug Info | Terminated | Stomach ulcer | [35] | |
Preclinical Drug(s) | [+] 1 Preclinical Drugs | + | ||||
1 | Org-23366 | Drug Info | Preclinical | Schizophrenia | [33] | |
Mode of Action | [+] 6 Modes of Action | + | ||||
Inhibitor | [+] 27 Inhibitor drugs | + | ||||
1 | ACECLIDINE | Drug Info | [36] | |||
2 | 1'-Benzyl-3-phenyl-[3,4']bipiperidinyl-2,6-dione | Drug Info | [72] | |||
3 | 1-Methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-but-2-ynyl)-urea | Drug Info | [73] | |||
4 | 2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one | Drug Info | [74] | |||
5 | 3-(3-benzylamino)-piperidin-2-one | Drug Info | [75] | |||
6 | 3-Methyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
7 | 3-Tetrazol-2-yl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane | Drug Info | [77] | |||
8 | 4-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-o-tolylbutan-1-one | Drug Info | [78] | |||
9 | 6-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-hex-4-ynal oxime | Drug Info | [76] | |||
10 | 7-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
11 | 7-Dimethylamino-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
12 | 7-Pyrrolidin-1-yl-hept-5-yn-2-one | Drug Info | [76] | |||
13 | Acetic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [80] | |||
14 | Benzoic acid 8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | Drug Info | [80] | |||
15 | BRL-55473 | Drug Info | [82] | |||
16 | FLUMEZAPINE | Drug Info | [83] | |||
17 | FM1-10 | Drug Info | [84] | |||
18 | FM1-43 | Drug Info | [84] | |||
19 | GNF-PF-5618 | Drug Info | [85] | |||
20 | ISOCLOZAPINE | Drug Info | [86] | |||
21 | ISOLOXAPINE | Drug Info | [87] | |||
22 | N-(4-Dimethylamino-but-2-ynyl)-N-methyl-acetamide | Drug Info | [76] | |||
23 | N-methoxyquinuclidine-3-carboximidoyl chloride | Drug Info | [82] | |||
24 | PF-3409409 | Drug Info | [89] | |||
25 | SULFOARECOLINE | Drug Info | [90] | |||
26 | VU0119498 | Drug Info | [91] | |||
27 | VU0238429 | Drug Info | [91] | |||
Modulator | [+] 20 Modulator drugs | + | ||||
1 | Anisodine | Drug Info | [37] | |||
2 | Belladonna | Drug Info | [43], [2] | |||
3 | Butylscopolamine | Drug Info | [47], [2] | |||
4 | Choline alfoscerate | Drug Info | [48] | |||
5 | Cimetropium bromide | Drug Info | [49], [50] | |||
6 | Cryptenamine Acetates | Drug Info | [51] | |||
7 | Flutropium bromide | Drug Info | [49] | |||
8 | Oxitropium bromide | Drug Info | [49] | |||
9 | Pramiracetam | Drug Info | [1], [2] | |||
10 | Prifinium | Drug Info | [61], [2] | |||
11 | Umeclidinium | Drug Info | [23] | |||
12 | L-651582 | Drug Info | [25] | |||
13 | BMS-181168 | Drug Info | [66] | |||
14 | DDP-200 | Drug Info | [67] | |||
15 | FK-584 | Drug Info | [68] | |||
16 | SU-740 | Drug Info | [71] | |||
17 | BHT-3034 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
18 | CRTX-070 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
19 | JWB-1-84-1 | Drug Info | [48] | |||
20 | Recombinant botulinum toxin | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Binder | [+] 4 Binder drugs | + | ||||
1 | Anisotropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [38] | |||
2 | Oxyphencyclimine | Drug Info | [58] | |||
3 | Promazine | Drug Info | [63] | |||
4 | Tridihexethyl | Drug Info | [65] | |||
Antagonist | [+] 20 Antagonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Atropine | Drug Info | [39], [40], [41], [42] | |||
2 | Cyclopentolate | Drug Info | [52] | |||
3 | Flavoxate | Drug Info | [53] | |||
4 | Homatropine Methylbromide | Drug Info | [54] | |||
5 | Hyoscyamine | Drug Info | [55] | |||
6 | Ispaghula | Drug Info | [3] | |||
7 | Mepenzolate | Drug Info | [56] | |||
8 | Methantheline | Drug Info | [57] | |||
9 | Procyclidine | Drug Info | [62] | |||
10 | Propiverine | Drug Info | [64], [2] | |||
11 | Trospium | Drug Info | [54] | |||
12 | OrM3 | Drug Info | [26] | |||
13 | GSK233705 | Drug Info | [26] | |||
14 | Dexpirronium | Drug Info | [48] | |||
15 | Benactyzine | Drug Info | [42] | |||
16 | Org-23366 | Drug Info | [33] | |||
17 | alpha-conotoxin AuIB | Drug Info | [48] | |||
18 | alpha-conotoxin GI | Drug Info | [48] | |||
19 | alpha-conotoxin PnIA | Drug Info | [48] | |||
20 | Aprophen | Drug Info | [42], [81] | |||
Agonist | [+] 6 Agonist drugs | + | ||||
1 | Bethanechol | Drug Info | [44], [45], [46] | |||
2 | Pilocarpine | Drug Info | [59], [60] | |||
3 | AM-831 | Drug Info | [69] | |||
4 | RS 86 | Drug Info | [70] | |||
5 | Muscarine | Drug Info | [41] | |||
6 | [125I]epibatidine | Drug Info | [48] | |||
Blocker (channel blocker) | [+] 2 Blocker (channel blocker) drugs | + | ||||
1 | A-867744 | Drug Info | [79] | |||
2 | NS1738 | Drug Info | [88] |
Cell-based Target Expression Variations | Top | |||||
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Cell-based Target Expression Variations |
Drug Binding Sites of Target | Top | |||||
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Ligand Name: Tiotropium | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Structure of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5-T4L) bound to tiotropium | PDB:6OL9 | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 2.54 Å | Mutation | No | [92] |
PDB Sequence |
RLWEVITIAA
35 VTAVVSLITI45 VGNVLVMISF55 KVNSQLKTVN65 NYYLLSLACA75 DLIIGIFSMN 85 LYTTYILMGR95 WALGSLACDL105 WLALDYVASN115 ARVMNLLVIS125 FDRYFSITRP 135 LTYRAKRTPK145 RAGIMIGLAW155 LISFILWAPA165 ILCWQYLVGK175 RTVPLDECQI 185 QFLSEPTITF195 GTAIAAFYIP205 VSVMTILYCR215 IYRETEKRTN1001 IFEMLRIDEG 1011 LRLKIYKDTE1021 GYYTIGIGHL1031 TKDEAEKLFN1067 QDVDAAVRGI1077 LRNAKLKPVY 1087 DSLDAVRRAA1097 LINMVFQMGE1107 TGVAGFTNSL1117 RMLQQKRWDE1127 AAVNLAKSRW 1137 YNQTPNRAKR1147 VITTFRTGTW1157 DAYRVVLVKE437 RKAAQTLSAI447 LLAFIITWTP 457 YNIMVLVSTF467 CDKCVPVTLW477 HLGYWLCYVN487 STVNPICYAL497 CNRTFRKTFK 507 MLLLCR
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Ligand Name: Oleic acid | Ligand Info | |||||
Structure Description | Structure of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5-T4L) bound to tiotropium | PDB:6OL9 | ||||
Method | X-ray diffraction | Resolution | 2.54 Å | Mutation | No | [92] |
PDB Sequence |
RLWEVITIAA
35 VTAVVSLITI45 VGNVLVMISF55 KVNSQLKTVN65 NYYLLSLACA75 DLIIGIFSMN 85 LYTTYILMGR95 WALGSLACDL105 WLALDYVASN115 ARVMNLLVIS125 FDRYFSITRP 135 LTYRAKRTPK145 RAGIMIGLAW155 LISFILWAPA165 ILCWQYLVGK175 RTVPLDECQI 185 QFLSEPTITF195 GTAIAAFYIP205 VSVMTILYCR215 IYRETEKRTN1001 IFEMLRIDEG 1011 LRLKIYKDTE1021 GYYTIGIGHL1031 TKDEAEKLFN1067 QDVDAAVRGI1077 LRNAKLKPVY 1087 DSLDAVRRAA1097 LINMVFQMGE1107 TGVAGFTNSL1117 RMLQQKRWDE1127 AAVNLAKSRW 1137 YNQTPNRAKR1147 VITTFRTGTW1157 DAYRVVLVKE437 RKAAQTLSAI447 LLAFIITWTP 457 YNIMVLVSTF467 CDKCVPVTLW477 HLGYWLCYVN487 STVNPICYAL497 CNRTFRKTFK 507 MLLLCR
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ASN115
3.387
MET119
3.658
LEU161
4.018
TRP162
3.809
PRO164
3.360
ALA165
3.699
CYS168
3.445
TRP169
3.425
LEU172
3.255
PHE187
3.865
THR197
4.675
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Click to View More Binding Site Information of This Target with Different Ligands |
Different Human System Profiles of Target | Top |
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Human Similarity Proteins
of target is determined by comparing the sequence similarity of all human proteins with the target based on BLAST. The similarity proteins for a target are defined as the proteins with E-value < 0.005 and outside the protein families of the target.
A target that has fewer human similarity proteins outside its family is commonly regarded to possess a greater capacity to avoid undesired interactions and thus increase the possibility of finding successful drugs
(Brief Bioinform, 21: 649-662, 2020).
Human Pathway Affiliation
of target is determined by the life-essential pathways provided on KEGG database. The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function.
Targets involved in a fewer pathways have greater likelihood to be successfully developed, while those associated with more human pathways increase the chance of undesirable interferences with other human processes
(Pharmacol Rev, 58: 259-279, 2006).
Human Similarity Proteins
Human Pathway Affiliation
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KEGG Pathway | Pathway ID | Affiliated Target | Pathway Map |
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Calcium signaling pathway | hsa04020 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signal transduction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04080 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Environmental Information Processing => Signaling molecules and interaction | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Cholinergic synapse | hsa04725 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Organismal Systems => Nervous system | Pathway Hierarchy | ||
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | hsa04810 | Affiliated Target |
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Class: Cellular Processes => Cell motility | Pathway Hierarchy |
Chemical Structure based Activity Landscape of Target | Top |
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Drug Property Profile of Target | Top | |
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(1) Molecular Weight (mw) based Drug Clustering | (2) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (xlogp) based Drug Clustering | |
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(3) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) based Drug Clustering | (4) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) based Drug Clustering | |
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(5) Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) based Drug Clustering | (6) Topological Polar Surface Area (polararea) based Drug Clustering | |
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"RO5" indicates the cutoff set by lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in GREEN denotes the no violation of any cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in PURPLE refers to the violation of only one cutoff in lipinski's rule of five; "D123AB" colored in BLACK represents the violation of more than one cutoffs in lipinski's rule of five |
Co-Targets | Top | |||||
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Co-Targets |
Target Poor or Non Binders | Top | |||||
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Target Poor or Non Binders |
Target Affiliated Biological Pathways | Top | |||||
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KEGG Pathway | [+] 4 KEGG Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Calcium signaling pathway | |||||
2 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | |||||
3 | Cholinergic synapse | |||||
4 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | |||||
Panther Pathway | [+] 2 Panther Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway | |||||
2 | Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gq alpha and Go alpha mediated pathway | |||||
Reactome | [+] 2 Reactome Pathways | + | ||||
1 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | |||||
2 | G alpha (q) signalling events | |||||
WikiPathways | [+] 7 WikiPathways | + | ||||
1 | Monoamine GPCRs | |||||
2 | Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell | |||||
3 | Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton | |||||
4 | GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like | |||||
5 | Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK | |||||
6 | GPCR ligand binding | |||||
7 | GPCR downstream signaling |
References | Top | |||||
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REF 1 | Some neurochemical properties of pramiracetam (CI-879), a new cognition-enhancing agent. Article first published online: 5 OCT 2004. | |||||
REF 2 | Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015 | |||||
REF 3 | Emerging drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):293-313. | |||||
REF 4 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 288). | |||||
REF 5 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 013428. | |||||
REF 6 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 320). | |||||
REF 7 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 071295. | |||||
REF 8 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 297). | |||||
REF 9 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040518. | |||||
REF 10 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 086310. | |||||
REF 11 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 010679. | |||||
REF 12 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7256). | |||||
REF 13 | Drug information of Oxyphencyclimine, 2008. eduDrugs. | |||||
REF 14 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 305). | |||||
REF 15 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 020619. | |||||
REF 16 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7280). | |||||
REF 17 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009818. | |||||
REF 18 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 009489. | |||||
REF 19 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7480). | |||||
REF 20 | 2004 approvals: the demise of the blockbuster. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Feb;4(2):93-4. | |||||
REF 21 | Trospium chloride: the European experience. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jul;7(10):1373-80. | |||||
REF 22 | FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021595. | |||||
REF 23 | URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7354). | |||||
REF 24 | Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline. | |||||
REF 25 | The antiproliferative and antimetastatic compound L651582 inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991 Jun;257(3):967-71. | |||||
REF 26 | Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Mar;14(1):181-94. | |||||
REF 27 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800028438) | |||||
REF 28 | Benactyzine as an aid in treatment of anxiety states; preliminary report. Br Med J. 1957 Feb 9;1(5014):306-10. | |||||
REF 29 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800001318) | |||||
REF 30 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800020170) | |||||
REF 31 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800006686) | |||||
REF 32 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800016551) | |||||
REF 33 | The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22. | |||||
REF 34 | Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800000634) | |||||
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