Target Regulator(s) Information (Transcription Factor)

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Target General Information
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target
References
Target General Information  Top
Target ID T77664 Target Info
Target Name Interferon-gamma (IFNG)
Synonyms Interferon gamma; Immune interferon; IFN-gamma
Target Type Successful Target
Gene Name IFNG
Biochemical Class Cytokine: interferon
UniProt ID
IFNG_HUMAN
The Transcription Factors (TFs) Regulating This Target  Top
TF Name c-Jun/c-Fos (AP-1) heterodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family AP-1(-like) components
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism AP-1-cAMP response element binds protein-activating transcription factor (CREB-ATF) binding elements situated in positions of the IFNG promoter previously identified as essential for promoter activity. [1]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [1]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, DNA Binding Assay [2]
UniProt ID
JUN_HUMAN/FOS_HUMAN
Sequence
MTAKMETTFYDDALNASFLPSESGPYGYSNPKILKQSMTLNLADPVGSLKPHLRAKNSDL
LTSPDVGLLKLASPELERLIIQSSNGHITTTPTPTQFLCPKNVTDEQEGFAEGFVRALAE
LHSQNTLPSVTSAAQPVNGAGMVAPAVASVAGGSGSGGFSASLHSEPPVYANLSNFNPGA
LSSGGGAPSYGAAGLAFPAQPQQQQQPPHHLPQQMPVQHPRLQALKEEPQTVPEMPGETP
PLSPIDMESQERIKAERKRMRNRIAASKCRKRKLERIARLEEKVKTLKAQNSELASTANM
LREQVAQLKQKVMNHVNSGCQLMLTQQLQTF
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Acyltransferases [+] 1 Acyltransferases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [11]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [1]
Endothelins/sarafotoxins [+] 1 Endothelins/sarafotoxins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Endothelin-1 (EDN1) Literature-reported Target Target Info [12]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [13]
Glucagons [+] 1 Glucagons Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) Literature-reported Target Target Info [14]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Corticoliberin (CRH) Literature-reported Target Target Info [15]
Integrins [+] 1 Integrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [16]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Quinone reductase 1 (NQO1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [17]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) Successful Target Target Info [18]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Prolactin (PRL) Discontinued Target Target Info [19]
Transcription factors [+] 2 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Clinical trial Target Target Info [20]
2 Transcription factor AP-1 (JUN) Discontinued Target Target Info [21]
TF Name cAMP-dependent transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family CREB
Regulation Type Decrease
Regulation Mechanism Within the region between -108 and -40 base pairs of the IFNG promoter are two conserved and essential regulatory elements, which confer activation-specific expression in T cells. The proximal element is a composite site that binds members of the CREB/ATF, AP-1, and octamer families of transcription factors. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [7]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, DNA Binding Assay [2]
UniProt ID
ATF1_HUMAN
Sequence
MEDSHKSTTSETAPQPGSAVQGAHISHIAQQVSSLSESEESQDSSDSIGSSQKAHGILAR
RPSYRKILKDLSSEDTRGRKGDGENSGVSAAVTSMSVPTPIYQTSSGQYIAIAPNGALQL
ASPGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNSGSTQQGTTILQYAQTSDGQQILVPSNQVVVQTASGDMQTYQ
IRTTPSATSLPQTVVMTSPVTLTSQTTKTDDPQLKREIRLMKNREAARECRRKKKEYVKC
LENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKTLKDLYSNKSV
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cyclins [+] 2 Cyclins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) Literature-reported Target Target Info [22]
2 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [23]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [24]
Hormones [+] 1 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [25]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [26]
TF Name Delta transcription factor (YY-1) homodimer
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys2His2 zinc finger domain
Family Ubiquitous factors
Regulation Type Decrease
Regulation Mechanism The nuclear factor YY-1, a ubiquitous DNA-binding protein, is able to interact with a silencer element (BE) in the IFNGpromoterregion. [3]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [3]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [8]
UniProt ID
TYY1_HUMAN
Sequence
MASGDTLYIATDGSEMPAEIVELHEIEVETIPVETIETTVVGEEEEEDDDDEDGGGGDHG
GGGGHGHAGHHHHHHHHHHHPPMIALQPLVTDDPTQVHHHQEVILVQTREEVVGGDDSDG
LRAEDGFEDQILIPVPAPAGGDDDYIEQTLVTVAAAGKSGGGGSSSSGGGRVKKGGGKKS
GKKSYLSGGAGAAGGGGADPGNKKWEQKQVQIKTLEGEFSVTMWSSDEKKDIDHETVVEE
QIIGENSPPDYSEYMTGKKLPPGGIPGIDLSDPKQLAEFARMKPRKIKEDDAPRTIACPH
KGCTKMFRDNSAMRKHLHTHGPRVHVCAECGKAFVESSKLKRHQLVHTGEKPFQCTFEGC
GKRFSLDFNLRTHVRIHTGDRPYVCPFDGCNKKFAQSTNLKSHILTHAKAKNNQ
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cyclins [+] 1 Cyclins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [23]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [3]
Ester hydrolases [+] 1 Ester hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 (MPIP3) Literature-reported Target Target Info [27]
Glycoproteins [+] 1 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Clinical trial Target Target Info [28]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [29]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Clinical trial Target Target Info [30]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [31]
TF Name Sp1 transcription factor (SP1)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class Cys2His2 zinc finger domain
Family Ubiquitous factors
Regulation Mechanism The Sp1 transcription factor is able to interact with a silencer element (BE) in the IFNGpromoterregion. [3]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [3]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [9]
UniProt ID
SP1_HUMAN
Sequence
MSDQDHSMDEMTAVVKIEKGVGGNNGGNGNGGGAFSQARSSSTGSSSSTGGGGQESQPSP
LALLAATCSRIESPNENSNNSQGPSQSGGTGELDLTATQLSQGANGWQIISSSSGATPTS
KEQSGSSTNGSNGSESSKNRTVSGGQYVVAAAPNLQNQQVLTGLPGVMPNIQYQVIPQFQ
TVDGQQLQFAATGAQVQQDGSGQIQIIPGANQQIITNRGSGGNIIAAMPNLLQQAVPLQG
LANNVLSGQTQYVTNVPVALNGNITLLPVNSVSAATLTPSSQAVTISSSGSQESGSQPVT
SGTTISSASLVSSQASSSSFFTNANSYSTTTTTSNMGIMNFTTSGSSGTNSQGQTPQRVS
GLQGSDALNIQQNQTSGGSLQAGQQKEGEQNQQTQQQQILIQPQLVQGGQALQALQAAPL
SGQTFTTQAISQETLQNLQLQAVPNSGPIIIRTPTVGPNGQVSWQTLQLQNLQVQNPQAQ
TITLAPMQGVSLGQTSSSNTTLTPIASAASIPAGTVTVNAAQLSSMPGLQTINLSALGTS
GIQVHPIQGLPLAIANAPGDHGAQLGLHGAGGDGIHDDTAGGEEGENSPDAQPQAGRRTR
REACTCPYCKDSEGRGSGDPGKKKQHICHIQGCGKVYGKTSHLRAHLRWHTGERPFMCTW
SYCGKRFTRSDELQRHKRTHTGEKKFACPECPKRFMRSDHLSKHIKTHQNKKGGPGVALS
VGTLPLDSGAGSEGSGTATPSALITTNMVAMEAICPEGIARLANSGINVMQVADLQSINI
SGNGF
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Acyltransferases [+] 2 Acyltransferases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [32]
2 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [33]
Apolipoproteins [+] 2 Apolipoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [34]
2 Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Clinical trial Target Target Info [35]
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [36]
Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases [+] 1 Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Adenosine deaminase (ADA) Successful Target Target Info [37]
Caveolin proteins [+] 1 Caveolin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Caveolin 1 (CAV1) Literature-reported Target Target Info [38]
Collagens [+] 1 Collagens Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Collagen I (COL1A2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [39]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 2 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) Successful Target Target Info [40]
2 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [3]
Ester hydrolases [+] 2 Ester hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Successful Target Target Info [41]
2 M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 (MPIP3) Literature-reported Target Target Info [42]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 3 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 5-HT 1A receptor (HTR1A) Successful Target Target Info [43]
2 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) Successful Target Target Info [44]
3 Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) Successful Target Target Info [45]
Glycoproteins [+] 2 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Clinical trial Target Target Info [46]
2 Tracheobronchial mucin 5A (MUC5AC) Literature-reported Target Target Info [47]
Growth factors [+] 4 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) Clinical trial Target Target Info [48]
2 Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) Clinical trial Target Target Info [49]
3 Thrombomodulin (THBD) Discontinued Target Target Info [50]
4 Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) Successful Target Target Info [51]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (ICAM1) Successful Target Target Info [52]
Integrins [+] 1 Integrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [53]
Kinases [+] 5 Kinases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Casein kinase II alpha (CSNK2A1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [54]
2 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Successful Target Target Info [55]
3 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 (PIM1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [56]
4 Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [57]
5 Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) Successful Target Target Info [58]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [59]
Lyases [+] 2 Lyases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) Clinical trial Target Target Info [60]
2 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) Patented-recorded Target Target Info [61]
Nuclear hormone receptors [+] 2 Nuclear hormone receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) Literature-reported Target Target Info [62]
2 Progesterone receptor (PGR) Successful Target Target Info [63]
Oxidoreductases [+] 9 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) Literature-reported Target Target Info [64]
2 Bacterial Triosephosphate isomerase (Bact TPI) Literature-reported Target Target Info [65]
3 Catalase (CAT) Clinical trial Target Target Info [66]
4 Cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1) Successful Target Target Info [67]
5 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [68]
6 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [69]
7 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [70]
8 Nitric-oxide synthase endothelial (NOS3) Clinical trial Target Target Info [71]
9 Superoxide dismutase Cu-Zn (SOD Cu-Zn) Clinical trial Target Target Info [72]
Peptidases [+] 4 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Caspase-8 (CASP8) Patented-recorded Target Target Info [73]
2 Cathepsin D (CTSD) Clinical trial Target Target Info [74]
3 Dibasic-processing enzyme (Furin) Preclinical Target Target Info [75]
4 Neutral endopeptidase (MME) Clinical trial Target Target Info [76]
Pro-neuropeptides [+] 1 Pro-neuropeptides Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Literature-reported Target Target Info [77]
Small GTPases [+] 1 Small GTPases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 GTPase HRas (HRAS) Literature-reported Target Target Info [78]
Somatotropin / Prolactins [+] 1 Somatotropin / Prolactins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Somatotropin (GH1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [79]
Transcription factors [+] 2 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [80]
2 Wilms tumor protein (WT1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [81]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [31]
Zinc-fingers [+] 1 Zinc-fingers Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Utrophin (UTRN) Clinical trial Target Target Info [82]
TF Name Upstream stimulatory factor (USF) homo/heterodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Helix-loop-helix / leucine zipper factors (bHLH-ZIP)
Family upstream stimulatory factor
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism Utilizingpromoterdeletions and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, the study identified a USF/EGR-1-binding element cooperating in the modulation ofIFNG promoteractivity by RA. [4]
Evidence Score (E-score) 2 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [10]
2 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay [4]
UniProt ID
USF1_HUMAN; USF2_HUMAN
Sequence
MKGQQKTAETEEGTVQIQEGAVATGEDPTSVAIASIQSAATFPDPNVKYVFRTENGGQVM
YRVIQVSEGQLDGQTEGTGAISGYPATQSMTQAVIQGAFTSDDAVDTEGTAAETHYTYFP
STAVGDGAGGTTSGSTAAVVTTQGSEALLGQATPPGTGQFFVMMSPQEVLQGGSQRSIAP
RTHPYSPKSEAPRTTRDEKRRAQHNEVERRRRDKINNWIVQLSKIIPDCSMESTKSGQSK
GGILSKACDYIQELRQSNHRLSEELQGLDQLQLDNDVLRQQVEDLKNKNLLLRAQLRHHG
LEVVIKNDSN
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [4]
Fibrinogen proteins [+] 1 Fibrinogen proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Fibrinogen (FGG) Literature-reported Target Target Info [83]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cathepsin D (CTSD) Clinical trial Target Target Info [84]
TF Name cAMP-dependent transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family AP-1(-like) components
Subfamily CRE-BP/ATF
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism Within the region between -108 and -40 base pairs of the IFNG promoter are two conserved and essential regulatory elements, which confer activation-specific expression in T cells. The proximal element is a composite site that binds members of the CREB/ATF, AP-1, and octamer families of transcription factors. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, DNA Binding Assay [2]
UniProt ID
ATF2_HUMAN
Sequence
MKFKLHVNSARQYKDLWNMSDDKPFLCTAPGCGQRFTNEDHLAVHKHKHEMTLKFGPARN
DSVIVADQTPTPTRFLKNCEEVGLFNELASPFENEFKKASEDDIKKMPLDLSPLATPIIR
SKIEEPSVVETTHQDSPLPHPESTTSDEKEVPLAQTAQPTSAIVRPASLQVPNVLLTSSD
SSVIIQQAVPSPTSSTVITQAPSSNRPIVPVPGPFPLLLHLPNGQTMPVAIPASITSSNV
HVPAAVPLVRPVTMVPSVPGIPGPSSPQPVQSEAKMRLKAALTQQHPPVTNGDTVKGHGS
GLVRTQSEESRPQSLQQPATSTTETPASPAHTTPQTQSTSGRRRRAANEDPDEKRRKFLE
RNRAAASRCRQKRKVWVQSLEKKAEDLSSLNGQLQSEVTLLRNEVAQLKQLLLAHKDCPV
TAMQKKSGYHTADKDDSSEDISVPSSPHTEAIQHSSVSTSNGVSSTSKAEAVATSVLTQM
ADQSTEPALSQIVMAPSSQSQPSGS
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2) Successful Target Target Info [85]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [2]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) Clinical trial Target Target Info [24]
Peptidases [+] 2 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) Successful Target Target Info [86]
2 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) Successful Target Target Info [18]
TF Name Activator protein 2 (AP-2) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class bHSH
Family AP-2
Regulation Mechanism The AP-2 homodimer transcription factor is able to interact with a silencer element (BE) in the IFNGpromoterregion. [3]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [3]
UniProt ID
AP2A_HUMAN
Sequence
MLWKLTDNIKYEDCEDRHDGTSNGTARLPQLGTVGQSPYTSAPPLSHTPNADFQPPYFPP
PYQPIYPQSQDPYSHVNDPYSLNPLHAQPQPQHPGWPGQRQSQESGLLHTHRGLPHQLSG
LDPRRDYRRHEDLLHGPHALSSGLGDLSIHSLPHAIEEVPHVEDPGINIPDQTVIKKGPV
SLSKSNSNAVSAIPINKDNLFGGVVNPNEVFCSVPGRLSLLSSTSKYKVTVAEVQRRLSP
PECLNASLLGGVLRRAKSKNGGRSLREKLDKIGLNLPAGRRKAANVTLLTSLVEGEAVHL
ARDFGYVCETEFPAKAVAEFLNRQHSDPNEQVTRKNMLLATKQICKEFTDLLAQDRSPLG
NSRPNPILEPGIQSCLTHFNLISHGFGSPAVCAAVTALQNYLTEALKAMDKMYLSNNPNS
HTDNNAKSSDKEEKHRK
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2) Successful Target Target Info [87]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [3]
Ester hydrolases [+] 1 Ester hydrolases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Successful Target Target Info [41]
Growth factors [+] 1 Growth factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) Successful Target Target Info [88]
Kinases [+] 1 Kinases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 (PIM1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [56]
Oxidoreductases [+] 3 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [68]
2 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [69]
3 Quinone reductase 1 (NQO1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [89]
Peptidases [+] 2 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) Successful Target Target Info [90]
2 Neutral endopeptidase (MME) Clinical trial Target Target Info [76]
Pro-neuropeptides [+] 1 Pro-neuropeptides Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Literature-reported Target Target Info [77]
TF Name NF-kappa-B c-Rel-c-Rel (NFKB) homodimer
Classification Superclass beta-Scaffold Factors with Minor Groove Contacts
Class RHR (Rel homology region)
Family Rel/ankyrin
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism The human transcription factor NFKB binds specifically to the IFNG intronic DNA, and is then involved in transcriptional regulation of the IFN-stimulable genes via the IFN-stimulable response element. [5]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 DNA Binding Assay [5]
UniProt ID
REL_HUMAN
Sequence
MASGAYNPYIEIIEQPRQRGMRFRYKCEGRSAGSIPGEHSTDNNRTYPSIQIMNYYGKGK
VRITLVTKNDPYKPHPHDLVGKDCRDGYYEAEFGQERRPLFFQNLGIRCVKKKEVKEAII
TRIKAGINPFNVPEKQLNDIEDCDLNVVRLCFQVFLPDEHGNLTTALPPVVSNPIYDNRA
PNTAELRICRVNKNCGSVRGGDEIFLLCDKVQKDDIEVRFVLNDWEAKGIFSQADVHRQV
AIVFKTPPYCKAITEPVTVKMQLRRPSDQEVSESMDFRYLPDEKDTYGNKAKKQKTTLLF
QKLCQDHVETGFRHVDQDGLELLTSGDPPTLASQSAGITVNFPERPRPGLLGSIGEGRYF
KKEPNLFSHDAVVREMPTGVSSQAESYYPSPGPISSGLSHHASMAPLPSSSWSSVAHPTP
RSGNTNPLSSFSTRTLPSNSQGIPPFLRIPVGNDLNASNACIYNNADDIVGMEASSMPSA
DLYGISDPNMLSNCSVNMMTTSSDSMGETDNPRLLSMNLENPSCNSVLDPRDLRQLHQMS
SSSMSAGANSNTTVFVSQSDAFEGSDFSCADNSMINESGPSNSTNPNSHGFVQDSQYSGI
GSMQNEQLSDSFPYEFFQV
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 4 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [5]
2 Interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL2RA) Successful Target Target Info [91]
3 Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) Successful Target Target Info [92]
4 Interleukin-12 beta (IL12B) Successful Target Target Info [93]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) Literature-reported Target Target Info [94]
TF Name cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) homodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Regulation Type Decrease
Regulation Mechanism Within the region between -108 and -40 base pairs of the IFNG promoter are two conserved and essential regulatory elements, which confer activation-specific expression in T cells. The proximal element is a composite site that binds members of the CREB/ATF, AP-1, and octamer families of transcription factors. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, DNA Binding Assay [2]
UniProt ID
CREB1_HUMAN
Sequence
MTMESGAENQQSGDAAVTEAENQQMTVQAQPQIATLAQVSMPAAHATSSAPTVTLVQLPN
GQTVQVHGVIQAAQPSVIQSPQVQTVQSSCKDLKRLFSGTQISTIAESEDSQESVDSVTD
SQKRREILSRRPSYRKILNDLSSDAPGVPRIEEEKSEEETSAPAITTVTVPTPIYQTSSG
QYIAITQGGAIQLANNGTDGVQGLQTLTMTNAAATQPGTTILQYAQTTDGQQILVPSNQV
VVQAASGDVQTYQIRTAPTSTIAPGVVMASSPALPTQPAEEAARKREVRLMKNREAAREC
RRKKKEYVKCLENRVAVLENQNKTLIEELKALKDLYCHKSD
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Apoptosis regulators [+] 1 Apoptosis regulators Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2) Successful Target Target Info [85]
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 3 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [2]
2 Interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) Successful Target Target Info [95]
3 Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) Successful Target Target Info [96]
Fibronectin proteins [+] 1 Fibronectin proteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Fibronectin (FN1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [97]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [13]
Glucagons [+] 1 Glucagons Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) Literature-reported Target Target Info [14]
Hormones [+] 2 Hormones Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin (EPO) Clinical trial Target Target Info [25]
2 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Successful Target Target Info [98]
Immunoglobulins [+] 1 Immunoglobulins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (CD4) Successful Target Target Info [99]
Lipoprotein receptors [+] 1 Lipoprotein receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) Successful Target Target Info [26]
Oxidoreductases [+] 2 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1) Successful Target Target Info [100]
2 Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) Clinical trial Target Target Info [68]
Peptidases [+] 1 Peptidases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) Successful Target Target Info [86]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [101]
Transferrins [+] 1 Transferrins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Transferrin (TF) Clinical trial Target Target Info [102]
TF Name Erythroid transcription factor (Eryf1)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class diverse Cys4 zinc fingers
Family GATA-Factors
Subfamily vertebral GATA-Factors
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [6]
UniProt ID
GATA1_HUMAN
Sequence
MEFPGLGSLGTSEPLPQFVDPALVSSTPESGVFFPSGPEGLDAAASSTAPSTATAAAAAL
AYYRDAEAYRHSPVFQVYPLLNCMEGIPGGSPYAGWAYGKTGLYPASTVCPTREDSPPQA
VEDLDGKGSTSFLETLKTERLSPDLLTLGPALPSSLPVPNSAYGGPDFSSTFFSPTGSPL
NSAAYSSPKLRGTLPLPPCEARECVNCGATATPLWRRDRTGHYLCNACGLYHKMNGQNRP
LIRPKKRLIVSKRAGTQCTNCQTTTTTLWRRNASGDPVCNACGLYYKLHQVNRPLTMRKD
GIQTRNRKASGKGKKKRGSSLGGTGAAEGPAGGFMVVAGGSGSGNCGEVASGLTLGPPGT
AHLYQGLGPVVLSGPVSHLMPFPGPLLGSPTGSFPTGPMPPTTSTTVVAPLSS
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 2 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) Successful Target Target Info [40]
2 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [6]
Glycoproteins [+] 1 Glycoproteins Co-regulated By This TF +
1 von Willebrand factor (VWF) Successful Target Target Info [103]
Transcription factors [+] 1 Transcription factors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Wilms tumor protein (WT1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [104]
TF Name GATA-binding factor 3 (GATA-3)
Classification Superclass Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Class diverse Cys4 zinc fingers
Family GATA-Factors
Subfamily vertebral GATA-Factors
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [6]
UniProt ID
GATA3_HUMAN
Sequence
MEVTADQPRWVSHHHPAVLNGQHPDTHHPGLSHSYMDAAQYPLPEEVDVLFNIDGQGNHV
PPYYGNSVRATVQRYPPTHHGSQVCRPPLLHGSLPWLDGGKALGSHHTASPWNLSPFSKT
SIHHGSPGPLSVYPPASSSSLSGGHASPHLFTFPPTPPKDVSPDPSLSTPGSAGSARQDE
KECLKYQVPLPDSMKLESSHSRGSMTALGGASSSTHHPITTYPPYVPEYSSGLFPPSSLL
GGSPTGFGCKSRPKARSSTGRECVNCGATSTPLWRRDGTGHYLCNACGLYHKMNGQNRPL
IKPKRRLSAARRAGTSCANCQTTTTTLWRRNANGDPVCNACGLYYKLHNINRPLTMKKEG
IQTRNRKMSSKSKKCKKVHDSLEDFPKNSSFNPAALSRHMSSLSHISPFSHSSHMLTTPT
PMHPPSSLSFGPHHPSSMVTAMG
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 2 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [6]
2 Interleukin-5 (IL5) Successful Target Target Info [105]
G protein-coupled receptors [+] 1 G protein-coupled receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) Successful Target Target Info [13]
Oxidoreductases [+] 1 Oxidoreductases Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 1 (17-beta-HSD1) Clinical trial Target Target Info [69]
TF Name Fra-1/c-Jun (AP-1) heterodimer
Classification Superclass Basic Domains
Class Leucine zipper factors (bZIP)
Family AP-1(-like) components
Regulation Type Increase
Regulation Mechanism Within the region between -108 and -40 base pairs of the IFNG promoter are two conserved and essential regulatory elements, which confer activation-specific expression in T cells. The proximal element is a composite site that binds members of the CREB/ATF, AP-1, and octamer families of transcription factors. [2]
Evidence Score (E-score) 1 +
1 Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, DNA Binding Assay [2]
UniProt ID
FOSL1_HUMAN/JUN_HUMAN
Sequence
MFRDFGEPGPSSGNGGGYGGPAQPPAAAQAAQQKFHLVPSINTMSGSQELQWMVQPHFLG
PSSYPRPLTYPQYSPPQPRPGVIRALGPPPGVRRRPCEQISPEEEERRRVRRERNKLAAA
KCRNRRKELTDFLQAETDKLEDEKSGLQREIEELQKQKERLELVLEAHRPICKIPEGAKE
GDTGSTSGTSSPPAPCRPVPCISLSPGPVLEPEALHTPTLMTTPSLTPFTPSLVFTYPST
PEPCASAHRKSSSSSGDPSSDPLGSPTLLAL
The Genes (Co-regulated by This TF) Grouped Based on Their Biochemical Classes
Cytokines / Cytokine receptors [+] 1 Cytokines / Cytokine receptors Co-regulated By This TF +
1 Interferon-gamma (IFNG) Successful Target Target Info [2]
References  Top
REF 1 Negative transcriptional regulation of the interferon-gamma promoter by glucocorticoids and dominant negative mutants of c-Jun. J Biol Chem. 1995 May 26;270(21):12548-56.
REF 2 The proximal regulatory element of the interferon-gamma promoter mediates selective expression in T cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 13;271(50):31964-72.
REF 3 The nuclear factor YY1 suppresses the human gamma interferon promoter through two mechanisms: inhibition of AP1 binding and activation of a silence... Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Sep;16(9):4744-53.
REF 4 Retinoic acid-induced transcriptional modulation of the human interferon-gamma promoter. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 25;271(43):26783-93.
REF 5 The c-rel protooncogene product c-Rel but not NF-kappa B binds to the intronic region of the human interferon-gamma gene at a site related to an in... Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1740-4.
REF 6 Two essential regulatory elements in the human interferon gamma promoter confer activation specific expression in T cells. J Exp Med. 1993 Nov 1;178(5):1483-96.
REF 7 CREB, ATF, and AP-1 transcription factors regulate IFN-gamma secretion by human T cells in response to mycobacterial antigen. J Immunol. 2008 Aug 1;181(3):2056-64.
REF 8 Characterization of a silencer regulatory element in the human interferon-gamma promoter. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 14;269(41):25728-34.
REF 9 A novel role of Sp1 and Sp3 in the interferon-gamma -mediated suppression of macrophage lipoprotein lipase gene transcription. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):11097-106.
REF 10 Interferon-gamma regulation of the human mimecan promoter. Mol Vis. 2003 Jun 30;9:277-87.
REF 11 Involvement of Jun and Fos proteins in regulating transcriptional activation of the human pi class glutathione S-transferase gene in multidrug-resi... J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 10;269(23):16397-402.
REF 12 Molecular regulation of the endothelin-1 gene by hypoxia. Contributions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, activator protein-1, GATA-2, AND p300/CBP. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12645-53.
REF 13 Functional mapping of a placenta-specific upstream promoter for human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Endocrinology. 2001 Apr;142(4):1506-16.
REF 14 Cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation are mediated by the same enhancer element in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3882-7.
REF 15 Composite glucocorticoid regulation at a functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element of the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Oct;13(10):1629-44.
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REF 18 Role of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and cooperation between Ets-2, ATF-2, and Jun family members in human urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene induction by interleukin-1 and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Sep;19(9):6240-52.
REF 19 Thyroid hormone inhibits the human prolactin gene promoter by interfering with activating protein-1 and estrogen stimulations. Mol Endocrinol. 1997 Jun;11(7):986-96.
REF 20 Expression of human p53 requires synergistic activation of transcription from the p53 promoter by AP-1, NF-kappaB and Myc/Max. Oncogene. 1999 Apr 29;18(17):2728-38.
REF 21 The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1. Cell. 1988 Dec 2;55(5):875-85.
REF 22 Down-regulation of the cyclin A promoter in differentiating human embryonal carcinoma cells is mediated by depletion of ATF-1 and ATF-2 in the complex at the ATF/CRE site. Exp Cell Res. 1995 Feb;216(2):422-30.
REF 23 Transcription factors RFX1/EF-C and ATF-1 associate with the adenovirus E1A-responsive element of the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Sep 25;23(18):3732-41.
REF 24 Retinoblastoma gene product activates expression of the human TGF-beta 2 gene through transcription factor ATF-2. Nature. 1992 Jul 23;358(6384):331-4.
REF 25 The transcription factors ATF-1 and CREB-1 bind constitutively to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) DNA recognition site. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 25;23(22):4542-50.
REF 26 Identification of a novel sterol-independent regulatory element in the human low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):5214-21.
REF 27 Characterization of the TATA-less core promoter of the cell cycle-regulated cdc25C gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Dec 15;25(24):4933-9.
REF 28 Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 activates the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in vivo but is not required for sterol up-regulation of gene expression. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 28;273(35):22409-14.
REF 29 Multiple protein factors interact with the cis-regulatory elements of the proximal promoter in a cell-specific manner and regulate transcription of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene. J Neurosci. 1996 Jul 1;16(13):4102-12.
REF 30 YY1 and NF1 both activate the human p53 promoter by alternatively binding to a composite element, and YY1 and E1A cooperate to amplify p53 promoter activity. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;16(10):5933-45.
REF 31 YY1 and Sp1 transcription factors bind the human transferrin gene in an age-related manner. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):B66-75.
REF 32 Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation of the human Pi class glutathione S-transferase promoter. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):1054-60.
REF 33 Binding and functional effects of transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 on the proximal human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase promoter. J Lipid Res. 1998 May;39(5):969-77.
REF 34 Involvement of early growth response factor Egr-1 in apolipoprotein AI gene transcription. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 24;270(12):7004-10.
REF 35 Characterization of a human apolipoprotein E gene enhancer element and its associated protein factors. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 5;265(16):9496-504.
REF 36 Regulation of MCL1 through a serum response factor/Elk-1-mediated mechanism links expression of a viability-promoting member of the BCL2 family to the induction of hematopoietic cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15;274(3):1801-13.
REF 37 Sp1 is essential for both enhancer-mediated and basal activation of the TATA-less human adenosine deaminase promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 25;22(4):669-77.
REF 38 Intracellular cholesterol transport in synchronized human skin fibroblasts. Biochemistry. 1999 Feb 23;38(8):2506-13.
REF 39 Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates alpha 2(I) collagen gene expression through a cis-acting element that contains an Sp1-binding site. J Biol Chem. 1994 May 20;269(20):14828-34.
REF 40 Regulation of transcription of the human erythropoietin receptor gene by proteins binding to GATA-1 and Sp1 motifs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Aug 11;23(15):3041-9.
REF 41 Transcription factor repression and activation of the human acetylcholinesterase gene. J Biol Chem. 1995 Oct 6;270(40):23511-9.
REF 42 Cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Oct 11;23(19):3822-30.
REF 43 The serotonin 1a receptor gene contains a TATA-less promoter that responds to MAZ and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 23;271(8):4417-30.
REF 44 Genomic organization and functional characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, a major entry co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 20;273(8):4754-60.
REF 45 Novel role for Sp1 in phorbol ester enhancement of human platelet thromboxane receptor gene expression. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 16;271(33):19696-704.
REF 46 Transcriptional regulation of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene by the orphan nuclear hormone receptor apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein-1. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 15;270(50):29916-22.
REF 47 The human uncoupling protein-3 gene promoter requires MyoD and is induced by retinoic acid in muscle cells. FASEB J. 2000 Nov;14(14):2141-3.
REF 48 The Wilms' tumor gene product, WT1, represses transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):21999-2002.
REF 49 Identification of a thrombin response element in the human platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (c-sis) promoter. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 9;271(6):3025-32.
REF 50 Acceleration of thrombomodulin gene transcription by retinoic acid: retinoic acid receptors and Sp1 regulate the promoter activity through interactions with two different sequences in the 5'-flanking region of human gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2440-50.
REF 51 Regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 3 promoters by transcription factor Sp1. Gene. 1993 Jul 30;129(2):223-8.
REF 52 Stat1 depends on transcriptional synergy with Sp1. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 22;270(51):30264-7.
REF 53 Binding of phosphorylated Sp1 protein to tandem Sp1 binding sites regulates alpha2 integrin gene core promoter activity. Blood. 1997 Jul 15;90(2):678-89.
REF 54 Transcription factors ets1, NF-kappa B, and Sp1 are major determinants of the promoter activity of the human protein kinase CK2alpha gene. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 16;275(24):18327-36.
REF 55 Identification of an estrogen-mediated deoxyribonucleic acid-binding independent transactivation pathway on the epidermal growth factor receptor gene promoter. Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):2266-74.
REF 56 The human Pim-1 gene is selectively transcribed in different hemato-lymphoid cell lines in spite of a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;10(4):1680-8.
REF 57 Sp1 cooperates with c-Myc to activate transcription of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT). Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Feb 1;28(3):669-77.
REF 58 Constitutive protection of E2F recognition sequences in the human thymidine kinase promoter during cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30483-90.
REF 59 Co-stimulation of promoter for low density lipoprotein receptor gene by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and Sp1 is specifically disrupted by the yin yang 1 protein. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13025-32.
REF 60 Mast cell-/basophil-specific transcriptional regulation of human L-histidine decarboxylase gene by CpG methylation in the promoter region. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):31607-14.
REF 61 Cell-specific transcription of leukotriene C(4) synthase involves a Kruppel-like transcription factor and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8903-10.
REF 62 Regulatory mechanisms controlling human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;21(21):7320-30.
REF 63 Sp1 binding sites and an estrogen response element half-site are involved in regulation of the human progesterone receptor A promoter. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Jul;14(7):972-85.
REF 64 Transcriptional activation of human 12-lipoxygenase gene promoter is mediated through Sp1 consensus sites in A431 cells. Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):133-40.
REF 65 Minimal sequence and factor requirements for the initiation of transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing housekeeping promoter. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20524-32.
REF 66 Regulation of the catalase gene promoter by Sp1, CCAAT-recognizing factors, and a WT1/Egr-related factor in hydrogen peroxide-resistant HP100 cells. Cancer Res. 2001 Aug 1;61(15):5885-94.
REF 67 Actions of two different cAMP-responsive sequences and an enhancer of the human CYP11A1 (P450scc) gene in adrenal Y1 and placental JEG-3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 4;269(9):6362-9.
REF 68 Noradrenergic-specific transcription of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene requires synergy of multiple cis-acting elements including at least two Phox2a-binding sites. J Neurosci. 1998 Oct 15;18(20):8247-60.
REF 69 The proximal promoter region of the gene encoding human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contains GATA, AP-2, and Sp1 response elements: analysis of promoter function in choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3417-25.
REF 70 Co-operation of the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 with Sp1 or Sp3 leads to transcriptional activation of the human haem oxygenase-1 gene promoter in a hepatoma cell line. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):641-52.
REF 71 Transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by lysophosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 12;273(24):14885-90.
REF 72 Sp1 and C/EBP-related factor regulate the transcription of human Cu/Zn SOD gene. Gene. 1996 Oct 31;178(1-2):177-85.
REF 73 The human caspase-8 promoter sustains basal activity through SP1 and ETS-like transcription factors and can be up-regulated by a p53-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 25;278(30):27593-604.
REF 74 Estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes mediate estrogen-induced cathepsin D gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15912-7.
REF 75 Expression of the dibasic proprotein processing enzyme furin is directed by multiple promoters. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 25;269(12):9298-303.
REF 76 Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human mitochondrial malic enzyme gene. Regulatory role of Sp1 and AP-2. Eur J Biochem. 2001 May;268(10):3017-27.
REF 77 Transcriptional regulation of the human neuropeptide Y gene by nerve growth factor. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15460-8.
REF 78 Effect of abasic linker substitution on triplex formation, Sp1 binding, and specificity in an oligonucleotide targeted to the human Ha-ras promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 May 25;22(10):1909-16.
REF 79 Sp1 and thyroid hormone receptor differentially activate expression of human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9805-13.
REF 80 Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human transcription factor Sp1 gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 22;276(25):22126-32.
REF 81 Characterization of the transcriptional regulatory region of the human WT1 gene. Oncogene. 1993 Nov;8(11):3123-32.
REF 82 Sp1 and Sp3 physically interact and co-operate with GABP for the activation of the utrophin promoter. J Mol Biol. 2001 Mar 9;306(5):985-96.
REF 83 Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the gene for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen. J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 24;270(47):28350-6.
REF 84 Upstream stimulatory factors mediate estrogen receptor activation of the cathepsin D promoter. Mol Endocrinol. 1998 Sep;12(9):1310-21.
REF 85 Induction of bcl-2 expression by phosphorylated CREB proteins during B-cell activation and rescue from apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;16(10):5546-56.
REF 86 Differential binding of cAMP-responsive-element (CRE)-binding protein-1 and activating transcription factor-2 to a CRE-like element in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene promoter correlates with opposite regulation of t-PA by phorbol ester in HT-1080 and HeLa cells. Eur J Biochem. 1996 May 1;237(3):532-8.
REF 87 The retinoblastoma protein binds the promoter of the survival gene bcl-2 and regulates its transcription in epithelial cells through transcription factor AP-2. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Nov;22(22):7877-88.
REF 88 Transforming growth factor-alpha-induced transcriptional activation of the vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) gene requires AP-2-dependent DNA binding and transactivation. EMBO J. 1997 Feb 17;16(4):750-9.
REF 89 AP-2-mediated regulation of human NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Mar 22;51(6):771-8.
REF 90 Repression of a matrix metalloprotease gene by E1A correlates with its ability to bind to cell type-specific transcription factor AP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 2;93(7):3088-93.
REF 91 Kappa B site-dependent activation of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene promoter by human c-Rel. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Sep;12(9):4067-75.
REF 92 Characterization of a functional NF-kappa B site in the human interleukin 1 beta promoter: evidence for a positive autoregulatory loop. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6231-40.
REF 93 Identification and characterization of a novel Ets-2-related nuclear complex implicated in the activation of the human interleukin-12 p40 gene prom... J Biol Chem. 1997 Apr 18;272(16):10389-95.
REF 94 The transcriptional regulation of human arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase gene by NF kappa B/Rel. FEBS Lett. 1995 Apr 17;363(1-2):105-10.
REF 95 An AP-1 site in the promoter of the human IL-5R alpha gene is necessary for promoter activity in eosinophilic HL60 cells. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 4;434(3):251-4.
REF 96 Transcription factors NF-IL6 and CREB recognize a common essential site in the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;14(11):7285-97.
REF 97 Cyclic AMP inhibits fibronectin gene expression in a newly developed granulosa cell line by a mechanism that suppresses cAMP-responsive element-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 25;265(30):18219-26.
REF 98 A redox factor protein, ref1, is involved in negative gene regulation by extracellular calcium. J Biol Chem. 1994 Nov 11;269(45):27855-62.
REF 99 CD4 promoter transactivation by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8797-805.
REF 100 Regulatory mechanisms of cAMP-dependent and cell-specific expression of human steroidogenic cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) gene. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jun 15;222(3):825-34.
REF 101 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 signaling pathways converge on the CREB-binding site in the human egr-1 promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;14(9):5975-85.
REF 102 Brain-specific expression of the human transferrin gene. Similar elements govern transcription in oligodendrocytes and in a neuronal cell line. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24504-10.
REF 103 Endothelial-cell-specific regulation of von Willebrand factor gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;14(2):999-1008.
REF 104 Transactivation of an intronic hematopoietic-specific enhancer of the human Wilms' tumor 1 gene by GATA-1 and c-Myb. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 14;272(46):29272-80.
REF 105 GATA-3 has dual regulatory functions in human interleukin-5 transcription. J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 21;276(51):48502-9.

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